创建一个有外键的表:
USE Accounting
CREATE TABLE Orders
(
OrderID int IDENTITY NOT NULL
PRIMARY KEY,
CustomerNo int NOT NULL
FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Customers(CustomerNo),
OrderDate date NOT NULL,
EmployeeID int NOT NULL
);
得到全部约束的名称、条件、以及状态信息:
EXEC sp_helpconstraint Orders
在已存在的表中添加一个外键:
ALTER TABLE Orders
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_EmployeeCreatesOrder
FOREIGN KEY (EmployeeID) REFERENCES Employees(EmployeeID);
是一个表自引用:
注:在实际创建这种引用基于标识列的非空字段的自引用约束之前,很关键的一点是再添加外键之前
表中至少有一行。
例:
INSERT INTO Employees
(
FirstName,
LastName,
Title,
SSN,
Salary,
PriorSalary,
HireDate,
ManagerEmpID,
Department
)
VALUES
(
'Billy Bob',
'Boson',
'Head Cook & Bottle Washer',
'123-45-6789',
100000,
80000,
'1990-01-01',
1,
'Cooking and Bottling'
);
有了初始行后,就可以添加外键了:
ALTER TABLE Employees
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_EmployeeHasManager
FOREIGN KEY (ManagerEmpID) REFERENCES Employees(EmployeeID);
直接创建则不需要在表中添加一行数据:
CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID int IDENTITY NOT NULL
PRIMARY KEY,
FirstName varchar (25) NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial char (1) NULL,
LastName varchar (25) NOT NULL,
Title varchar (25) NOT NULL,
SSN varchar (11) NOT NULL,
Salary money NOT NULL,
PriorSalary money NOT NULL,
LastRaise AS Salary -PriorSalary,
HireDate smalldatetime NOT NULL,
TerminationDate smalldatetime NULL,
ManagerEmpID int NOT NULL
REFERENCES Employees(EmployeeID),
Department varchar (25) NOT NULL
);