linux环境下安装oracle 11g database方法指导(一)

 

说明：VM虚拟机下linux环境进行安装的oracle 11g 数据库，若有欠缺请多多指教。

首先要参考原版的安装使用说明文档，根据上面的描述的要求进行安装操作。

 

如下是手动操作的方法：

 

一．检查linux环境RPM包的是否完全安装，并记录缺少的RPM包文件并进行安装。

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep binut

binutils-2.15.92.0.2-24

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep compat

compat-gcc-32-3.2.3-47.3

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3

compat-libgcc-296-2.96-132.7.2

compat-libcom_err-1.0-5

compat-gcc-32-c++-3.2.3-47.3

compat-db-4.1.25-9

java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-27jpp

compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep elfutils

elfutils-libelf-0.97.1-5

elfutils-0.97.1-5

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep gcc

libgcc-3.4.6-9

gcc-g77-3.4.6-9

compat-gcc-32-3.2.3-47.3

gcc-c++-3.4.6-9

gcc-java-3.4.6-9

compat-libgcc-296-2.96-132.7.2

compat-gcc-32-c++-3.2.3-47.3

gcc-3.4.6-9

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep glibc

glibc-common-2.3.4-2.39

glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.39

glibc-2.3.4-2.39

glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.100.EL

glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.39

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep libaio

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep libaio

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep libgcc

libgcc-3.4.6-9

compat-libgcc-296-2.96-132.7.2

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep libstdc

libstdc++-3.4.6-9

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3

libstdc++-devel-3.4.6-9

compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep make

make-3.80-6.EL4

automake17-1.7.9-5

automake14-1.4p6-12

automake-1.9.2-3

automake16-1.6.3-5

automake15-1.5-13

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep numactl

numactl-0.6.4-1.40

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep sysstat

[root@mylinux ~]# libgcclibgcc

-bash: libgcclibgcc: command not found

[root@mylinux ~]# rpm -qa |grep unix

dos2unix-3.1-21.2

unix2dos-2.2-24.1

[root@mylinux ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop      install.log.syslog  rpm

batch            install.log  oracle              trans

[root@mylinux ~]# cd rpm

[root@mylinux rpm]# ls

rpm

[root@mylinux rpm]# cd rpm

[root@mylinux rpm]# ls

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97.1-5.i386.rpm

libaio-0.3.105-2.i386.rpm

libaio-devel-0.3.105-2.i386.rpm

sysstat-5.0.5-16.rhel4.i386.rpm

unixODBC-2.2.11-1.RHEL4.1.i386.rpm

unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-1.RHEL4.1.i386.rpm

安装RPM包，一定要 保证安装正确：

[root@mylinux rpm]# rpm -ivh *.rpm

warning: elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97.1-5.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 443e1821

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:unixODBC               ########################################### [ 17%]

   2:libaio                 ########################################### [ 33%]

   3:elfutils-libelf-devel  ########################################### [ 50%]

   4:libaio-devel           ########################################### [ 67%]

   5:sysstat                ########################################### [ 83%]

   6:unixODBC-devel         ########################################### [100%]

[root@mylinux rpm]#

 

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

 

二．LINUX创建oracle组用户说明以及环境设置修改系统内核参数

1．Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users

 [root@mylinux u01]# groupadd oinstall

[root@mylinux u01]# groupadd dba

[root@mylinux u01]# cd /

[root@mylinux u01]# mkdir –p /u01/oracle

 

操作命令介绍：

# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba[,oper] oracle

 

[root@mylinux u01]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /u01/oracle oracle

[root@mylinux u01]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New UNIX password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@mylinux u01]# cd /

[root@mylinux /]# ls -l

total 168

drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 22 14:23 bin

drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Apr 22 12:44 boot

drwxr-xr-x  10 root root  6640 Apr 26 19:08 dev

drwxr-xr-x  81 root root 12288 Apr 26 19:20 etc

drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Feb 21  2005 home

drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Feb 21  2005 initrd

drwxr-xr-x  12 root root  4096 Apr 22 14:22 lib

drwx------   2 root root 16384 Apr 22 08:42 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  4096 Apr 26 19:08 media

drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Nov 16  2007 misc

drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Feb 21  2005 mnt

drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Apr 22 14:09 opt

dr-xr-xr-x  63 root root     0 Apr 26 15:07 proc

drwxr-x---  18 root root  4096 Apr 26 15:20 root

drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 12288 Apr 22 14:23 sbin

drwxr-xr-x   1 root root     0 Apr 26 15:07 selinux

drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Feb 21  2005 srv

drwxr-xr-x   9 root root     0 Apr 26 15:07 sys

drwxrwxrwt   6 root root  4096 Apr 26 19:11 tmp

drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Apr 26 15:59 u01

drwxr-xr-x  14 root root  4096 Apr 22 12:43 usr

drwxr-xr-x  19 root root  4096 Apr 22 12:46 var

[root@mylinux /]#

 

主属调整：

[root@mylinux /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall u01

[root@mylinux /]# ls -l

total 168

drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Apr 22 14:23 bin

drwxr-xr-x   3 root   root      4096 Apr 22 12:44 boot

drwxr-xr-x  10 root   root      6640 Apr 26 19:08 dev

drwxr-xr-x  81 root   root     12288 Apr 26 19:20 etc

drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Feb 21  2005 home

drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Feb 21  2005 initrd

drwxr-xr-x  12 root   root      4096 Apr 22 14:22 lib

drwx------   2 root   root     16384 Apr 22 08:42 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x   4 root   root      4096 Apr 26 19:08 media

drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Nov 16  2007 misc

drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Feb 21  2005 mnt

drwxr-xr-x   3 root   root      4096 Apr 22 14:09 opt

dr-xr-xr-x  63 root   root         0 Apr 26 15:07 proc

drwxr-x---  18 root   root      4096 Apr 26 15:20 root

drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root     12288 Apr 22 14:23 sbin

drwxr-xr-x   1 root   root         0 Apr 26 15:07 selinux

drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Feb 21  2005 srv

drwxr-xr-x   9 root   root         0 Apr 26 15:07 sys

drwxrwxrwt   6 root   root      4096 Apr 26 19:11 tmp

drwxr-xr-x   3 oracle oinstall  4096 Apr 26 15:59 u01

drwxr-xr-x  14 root   root      4096 Apr 22 12:43 usr

drwxr-xr-x  19 root   root      4096 Apr 22 12:46 var

 

 

 

3.Configuring Kernel Parameters

 如下是需要添加的内核参数：

fs.file-max = 6815744

 

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

 

 

[root@mylinux ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf

# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux

#

# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.  See sysctl(8) and

# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

 

# Controls IP packet forwarding

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

 

# Controls source route verification

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

 

# Do not accept source routing

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

 

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

kernel.sysrq = 0

 

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

 

 配置如下：

####################################################

#oracle configure

####################################################

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576