copy_process()这个函数其实很简单,由do_fork()调用,参数和do_fork()的参数一样,只是多了一个子进程的PID。copy_process()中,开始时检测clone_flag中的标志位,看看是否允许copy。然后就是创建两个结构体,task_struck和thread_info,用来保存子进程的信息,然后将父进程中的这两个地方的信息复制过来,存到刚刚创建的结构体中。然后更新一下系统中,关于进程数量等信息,更改一下子进程的clone_flag信息。设置子进程运行的CPU,把子进程加入到运行队列。还是在文件Kernel/fork.c中,代码如下:
static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig) { struct task_struct *tsk; struct thread_info *ti; prepare_to_copy(orig); tsk = alloc_task_struct(); //申请空间 if (!tsk) return NULL; ti = alloc_thread_info(tsk); //申请thread_info的空间 if (!ti) { free_task_struct(tsk); //如果没有申请到,要把刚刚申请的task_struct空间,一并释放 return NULL; } //task_struct中有指向thread_info的指针,thread_info中也有指向task_struct的指针 *ti = *orig->thread_info; //将父进程的thread_info的值复制到刚刚申请的thread_info空间中 *tsk = *orig; //将父进程的task_struct中的值复制到刚刚申请的子进程的task_struct中 tsk->thread_info = ti; //将子进程的task_struct中的thread_info指针指向刚刚赋值的thread_info空间 ti->task = tsk; //将刚刚申请的thread_info中的task指针指向子进程的task_struct
//这四行代码看着乱,其实画画图就很好理解了。注意指针赋值和指针指向的空间的赋值。
/* One for us, one for whoever does the "release_task()" (usually parent) */
atomic_set(&tsk->usage,2);
return tsk;
}
/*
* This creates a new process as a copy of the old one, * but does not actually start it yet. * * It copies the registers, and all the appropriate * parts of the process environment (as per the clone * flags). The actual kick-off is left to the caller. */ static task_t *copy_process(unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long stack_start, struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long stack_size, int __user *parent_tidptr, int __user *child_tidptr, int pid) { int retval; struct task_struct *p = NULL; if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_FS)) == (CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_FS)) return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); /* * Thread groups must share signals as well, and detached threads * can only be started up within the thread group. */ if ((clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) && !(clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND)) return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); /* * Shared signal handlers imply shared VM. By way of the above, * thread groups also imply shared VM. Blocking this case allows * for various simplifications in other code. */ if ((clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) && !(clone_flags & CLONE_VM)) return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); retval = security_task_create(clone_flags); if (retval) goto fork_out; retval = -ENOMEM; p = dup_task_struct(current); //创建子进程的task_struct,并为其复制。 if (!p) goto fork_out; retval = -EAGAIN; if (atomic_read(&p->user->processes) >= p->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur) { if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) && !capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) && p->user != &root_user) goto bad_fork_free; } atomic_inc(&p->user->__count); atomic_inc(&p->user->processes); get_group_info(p->group_info); /* * If multiple threads are within copy_process(), then this check * triggers too late. This doesn't hurt, the check is only there * to stop root fork bombs. */ if (nr_threads >= max_threads) goto bad_fork_cleanup_count; if (!try_module_get(p->thread_info->exec_domain->module)) goto bad_fork_cleanup_count; if (p->binfmt && !try_module_get(p->binfmt->module)) goto bad_fork_cleanup_put_domain; p->did_exec = 0; copy_flags(clone_flags, p); p->pid = pid; retval = -EFAULT; if (clone_flags & CLONE_PARENT_SETTID) if (put_user(p->pid, parent_tidptr)) goto bad_fork_cleanup; p->proc_dentry = NULL; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->children); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->sibling); init_waitqueue_head(&p->wait_chldexit); p->vfork_done = NULL; spin_lock_init(&p->alloc_lock); spin_lock_init(&p->proc_lock); clear_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_SIGPENDING); init_sigpending(&p->pending); p->it_real_value = p->it_virt_value = p->it_prof_value = 0; p->it_real_incr = p->it_virt_incr = p->it_prof_incr = 0; init_timer(&p->real_timer); p->real_timer.data = (unsigned long) p; p->utime = p->stime = 0; p->lock_depth = -1; /* -1 = no lock */ do_posix_clock_monotonic_gettime(&p->start_time); p->security = NULL; p->io_context = NULL; p->io_wait = NULL; p->audit_context = NULL; #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA p->mempolicy = mpol_copy(p->mempolicy); if (IS_ERR(p->mempolicy)) { retval = PTR_ERR(p->mempolicy); p->mempolicy = NULL; goto bad_fork_cleanup; } #endif p->tgid = p->pid; if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) p->tgid = current->tgid; if ((retval = security_task_alloc(p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_policy; if ((retval = audit_alloc(p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_security; /* copy all the process information */ if ((retval = copy_semundo(clone_flags, p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_audit; if ((retval = copy_files(clone_flags, p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_semundo; if ((retval = copy_fs(clone_flags, p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_files; if ((retval = copy_sighand(clone_flags, p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_fs; if ((retval = copy_signal(clone_flags, p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_sighand; if ((retval = copy_mm(clone_flags, p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_signal; if ((retval = copy_keys(clone_flags, p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_mm; if ((retval = copy_namespace(clone_flags, p))) goto bad_fork_cleanup_keys; retval = copy_thread(0, clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size, p, regs); if (retval) goto bad_fork_cleanup_namespace; p->set_child_tid = (clone_flags & CLONE_CHILD_SETTID) ? child_tidptr : NULL; /* * Clear TID on mm_release()? */ p->clear_child_tid = (clone_flags & CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID) ? child_tidptr: NULL; /* * Syscall tracing should be turned off in the child regardless * of CLONE_PTRACE. */ clear_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE); /* Our parent execution domain becomes current domain These must match for thread signalling to apply */ p->parent_exec_id = p->self_exec_id; /* ok, now we should be set up.. */ p->exit_signal = (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) ? -1 : (clone_flags & CSIGNAL); p->pdeath_signal = 0; p->exit_state = 0; /* Perform scheduler related setup */ sched_fork(p); /* * Ok, make it visible to the rest of the system. * We dont wake it up yet. */ p->group_leader = p; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->ptrace_children); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->ptrace_list); /* Need tasklist lock for parent etc handling! */ write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock); /* * The task hasn't been attached yet, so cpus_allowed mask cannot * have changed. The cpus_allowed mask of the parent may have * changed after it was copied first time, and it may then move to * another CPU - so we re-copy it here and set the child's CPU to * the parent's CPU. This avoids alot of nasty races. */ p->cpus_allowed = current->cpus_allowed; set_task_cpu(p, smp_processor_id()); /* * Check for pending SIGKILL! The new thread should not be allowed * to slip out of an OOM kill. (or normal SIGKILL.) */ if (sigismember(¤t->pending.signal, SIGKILL)) { write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock); retval = -EINTR; goto bad_fork_cleanup_namespace; } /* CLONE_PARENT re-uses the old parent */ if (clone_flags & (CLONE_PARENT|CLONE_THREAD)) p->real_parent = current->real_parent; else p->real_parent = current; p->parent = p->real_parent; if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) { spin_lock(¤t->sighand->siglock); /* * Important: if an exit-all has been started then * do not create this new thread - the whole thread * group is supposed to exit anyway. */ if (current->signal->group_exit) { spin_unlock(¤t->sighand->siglock); write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock); retval = -EAGAIN; goto bad_fork_cleanup_namespace; } p->group_leader = current->group_leader; if (current->signal->group_stop_count > 0) { /* * There is an all-stop in progress for the group. * We ourselves will stop as soon as we check signals. * Make the new thread part of that group stop too. */ current->signal->group_stop_count++; set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_SIGPENDING); } spin_unlock(¤t->sighand->siglock); } SET_LINKS(p); if (unlikely(p->ptrace & PT_PTRACED)) __ptrace_link(p, current->parent); attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PID, p->pid); attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_TGID, p->tgid); if (thread_group_leader(p)) { attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PGID, process_group(p)); attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_SID, p->signal->session); if (p->pid) __get_cpu_var(process_counts)++; } nr_threads++; write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock); retval = 0; fork_out: if (retval) return ERR_PTR(retval); return p; bad_fork_cleanup_namespace: exit_namespace(p); bad_fork_cleanup_keys: exit_keys(p); bad_fork_cleanup_mm: if (p->mm) mmput(p->mm); bad_fork_cleanup_signal: exit_signal(p); bad_fork_cleanup_sighand: exit_sighand(p); bad_fork_cleanup_fs: exit_fs(p); /* blocking */ bad_fork_cleanup_files: exit_files(p); /* blocking */ bad_fork_cleanup_semundo: exit_sem(p); bad_fork_cleanup_audit: audit_free(p); bad_fork_cleanup_security: security_task_free(p); bad_fork_cleanup_policy: #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA mpol_free(p->mempolicy); #endif bad_fork_cleanup: if (p->binfmt) module_put(p->binfmt->module); bad_fork_cleanup_put_domain: module_put(p->thread_info->exec_domain->module); bad_fork_cleanup_count: put_group_info(p->group_info); atomic_dec(&p->user->processes); free_uid(p->user); bad_fork_free: free_task(p); goto fork_out; } struct pt_regs * __devinit __attribute__((weak)) idle_regs(struct pt_regs *regs) { memset(regs, 0, sizeof(struct pt_regs)); return regs; } task_t * __devinit fork_idle(int cpu) { task_t *task; struct pt_regs regs; task = copy_process(CLONE_VM, 0, idle_regs(®s), 0, NULL, NULL, 0); if (!task) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); init_idle(task, cpu); unhash_process(task); return task; } static inline int fork_traceflag (unsigned clone_flags) { if (clone_flags & CLONE_UNTRACED) return 0; else if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) { if (current->ptrace & PT_TRACE_VFORK) return PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK; } else if ((clone_flags & CSIGNAL) != SIGCHLD) { if (current->ptrace & PT_TRACE_CLONE) return PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE; } else if (current->ptrace & PT_TRACE_FORK) return PTRACE_EVENT_FORK; return 0; }