C++中多态总结

一. 多态的概念

同一事物，在不同场景下的多种形态

例如：“*”在不同场景下的形态

 int* p=&a;//指针
 *p;//解引用
 a*b;//乘号

二.多态的分类

1.静态多态：编译器在编译期间完成的，编译器根据函数实参的类型(可能会进行隐式类型转换)，可推断出要调用那个函数，如果有对应的函数就调用该函数，否则出现编译错误。

int Add(int a,int b)
{
   return a+b;
}

float Add(int a,int b)
   return a+b;
}

int main()
{
   cout<<Add(10,20)<<end1;
   cout<<Add(3.14f,5.6f)<<end1;
   return 0;
}

2.动态多态：在程序执行期间(非编译期)判断所引用对象的实际类型，根据其实际类型调用相应的方法。

class WashRoom

{

public: void GoToManWashRoom()

{

    cout << "Man-->Please Left" << endl;

}

        void GoToWomanWashRoom()

        {

            cout << "Woman-->Please Right" << endl;

        }

};

class Person

{

public: virtual void GoToWashRoom(CWashRoom & _washRoom) = 0;

};

class Man :public Person

{

public: virtual void GoToWashRoom(WashRoom & washRoom)

{

    washRoom.GoToManWashRoom();

}

};

};

class Woman :public Person

{

public:

    virtual void GoToWashRoom(WashRoom & washRoom)

    {

        washRoom.GoToWomanWashRoom();

    }

};

void FunTest()

{

    WashRoom washRoom;

    for (int iIdx = 1; iIdx <= 10; ++iIdx)

    {

        Person* pPerson;

        int iPerson = rand() % iIdx;

        if (iPerson & 0x01)

            pPerson = new Man;

        else

            pPerson = new Woman;

        pPerson->GoToWashRoom(washRoom);

        delete pPerson;

        pPerson = NULL;
                Sleep(1000);

    }

三. 动态多态的实现条件

1.基类中必须有虚函数；

class Base
{
public:
    virtual void FunTest1(int _iTest){ cout << "Base::FunTest1()" << endl; }
    void FunTest2(int _iTest){ cout << "Base::FunTest2()" << endl; }
    virtual void FunTest3(int _iTest1){ cout << "Base::FunTest3()" << endl; }
    virtual void FunTest4(int _iTest){ cout << "Base::FunTest4()" << endl; }
};
class Derived :public Base
{
public:
    virtual void FunTest1(int _iTest){ cout << "Derived::FunTest1()" << endl; }
    virtual void FunTest2(int _iTest){ cout << "Derived::FunTest2()" << endl; }
    void FunTest3(int _iTest1){ cout << "Derived::FunTest3()" << endl; }
    virtual void FunTest4(int _iTest1, int _iTest2)
        virtual void FunTest4(int _iTest1, int _iTest2)
    {
        cout << "Derived::FunTest4()" << endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    Base* pBase = new Derived;
    pBase->FunTest1(0);
    pBase->FunTest2(0);
    pBase->FunTest3(0);
    pBase->FunTest4(0);
    pBase->FunTest4(0, 0);
    return 0;
}

2.通过基类类型的引用或者指针调用虚函数；

四.多态的实现原理

a、编译时多态性（静态多态）：通过重载函数实现

b、运行时多态性（动态多态）：通过虚函数实现。