安装Oracle10g RAC For Linux

******************************* 安装操作 author:guoyJoe; createdate:2012-12-13 ******************************* 一、安装完Linux后修改VMware的配置文件后缀带.vmx： disk.locking = "false"  diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = "0"  diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize = "0"  diskLib.DataCacheMinReadAheadSize = "0"  diskLib.dataCachePageSize = "4096"  diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0" scsi1.sharedBus = "virtual" scsi1:0.deviceType = "disk" scsi1:1.deviceType = "disk" scsi1:2.deviceType = "disk" scsi1:3.deviceType = "disk" scsi1:4.deviceType = "disk" scsi1:5.deviceType = "disk" ***注:两节点上的共享存储文件名的绝对路径指向同一个共享磁盘! 二、网络 1、IP地址规划    公共IP地址    私有IP地址    虚拟IP地址 2、vi /etc/hosts 10.1.0.173 rac1 10.1.0.174 rac2 10.1.0.175 rac1-vip 10.1.0.176 rac2-vip 192.168.0.173   rac1-priv 192.168.0.174   rac2-priv 172.25.27.101 rac1 172.25.27.102 rac2 172.25.27.103 rac1-vip 172.25.27.104 rac2-vip 192.168.0.173   rac1-priv 192.168.0.174   rac2-priv 三、建用户及目录 [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd dba [root@rac1 ~]# useradd -d /home/oracle -g oinstall -G dba oracle [root@rac1 ~]# passwd oracle [root@rac1 ~]# id oracle [root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0 [root@rac1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle [root@rac1 ~]# chmod -R 755 /u01/app/oracle 四、Oracle环境变量 export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> " export EDITOR=vi export ORACLE_SID=rac2 export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1 export ORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/crs_1 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$PATH umask 022 source .bash_profile 五、系统变量 [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 1048576 net.core.rmem_max = 1048576 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 262144 [root@node1 Server]# sysctl -p 六、存储规划 LUN1  512M   ORC        /dev/sdb1   --raw1 LUN2  512M   VOTE       /dev/sdc1   --raw2 LUN3  2G     DATA1      /dev/sdd1   --asm1 LUN4  2G     DATA2      /dev/sde1   --asm2 LUN3  2G     ARCH1      /dev/sdf1   --asm3 LUN4  2G     ARCH2      /dev/sdg1   --asm4 七、配置裸设备 [root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules 增加如下内容：参照/proc/partitions ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="/dev/sdb1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N" ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8",ENV{MINOR}=="17",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %M %m" ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="/dev/sdc1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N" ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8",ENV{MINOR}=="33",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m" ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="/dev/sdd1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N" ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8",ENV{MINOR}=="49",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %M %m" ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="/dev/sde1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N" ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8",ENV{MINOR}=="65",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %M %m" ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="/dev/sdf1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N" ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8",ENV{MINOR}=="81",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %M %m" ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="/dev/sdg1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N" ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8",ENV{MINOR}=="97",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %M %m" KERNEL=="raw1", OWNER="root", GROUP="oinstall", MODE="640" KERNEL=="raw[2-6]", OWNER="oracle", GROUP="oinstall", MODE="660" [root@rac1 ~]# start_udev [root@rac1 ~]# ls /dev/raw/ -l ***注意:在第二节点没有看到祼设备,重启即可! 八、其他配置： 设置oracle使用的文件数权限 [root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf  oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 163844 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 修改安全限制 [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/profile  if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then   ulimit -p 16384   ulimit -n 65536 else   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi 配置Hangcheck 计时器 [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/rc.local modprobe hangcheck-timer hangcheck-tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180 要立即加载模块，执行“modprobe -v hangcheck-timer”。  九、配置两台机器的SSH信任： （注意：在开始配置前，检查/etc/hosts文件，并使用Ping命令检查一下各个节点是否可达） 在 rac1 上执行  rac1-> mkdir ~/.ssh rac1-> chmod 700 ~/.ssh rac1-> ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 87:54:4f:92:ba:ed:7b:51:5d:1d:59:5b:f9:44:da:b6 oracle@rac1.mycorpdomain.com rac1-> ssh-keygen -t dsa Generating public/private dsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa. Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 31:76:96:e6:fc:b7:25:04:fd:70:42:04:1f:fc:9a:26 oracle@rac1.mycorpdomain.com  在 rac2 上执行  rac2-> mkdir ~/.ssh rac2-> chmod 700 ~/.ssh rac2-> ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 29:5a:35:ac:0a:03:2c:38:22:3c:95:5d:68:aa:56:66 oracle@rac2.mycorpdomain.com rac2-> ssh-keygen -t dsa Generating public/private dsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa. Your public key has been saved in /export/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 4c:b2:5a:8d:56:0f:dc:7b:bc:e0:cd:3b:8e:b9:5c:7c oracle@rac2.mycorpdomain.com 在 rac1 上执行  rac1-> cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys rac1-> cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys rac1-> ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys The authenticity of host 'rac2 (192.168.2.132)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 63:d3:52:d4:4d:e2:cb:ac:8d:4a:66:9f:f1:ab:28:1f. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'rac2,192.168.2.132' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. oracle@rac2's password: rac1-> ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys oracle@rac2's password: rac1-> scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys rac2:~/.ssh/authorized_keys oracle@rac2's password: authorized_keys                           100% 1716     1.7KB/s   00:00 在每个节点上测试连接。验证当您再次运行以下命令时，系统是否不提示您输入口令。  ssh rac1 date ssh rac2 date ssh rac1-priv date ssh rac2-priv date 十、安装Cluster 1、可以先检查环境，在Oracle用户执行 [oracle@rac1 cluvfy]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose 注意，此步执行时，最好两台机器处于同一状态下，/etc/hosts文件中的内容最好一模一样，连空格数、跳格数最好都一模一样。 2、安装到Specify Cluster Configuration时： 点击右下方的Add按钮，依次输入rac2的主机名、私有连接名和虚拟连接名 （注意此步，如果两台机器的/etc/hosts配置不一样，很可能会出现错误。注意都要有127.0.0.1，此IP只能对应localhost.localdomain localhost） 3、设置网卡 会出现两卡，将eth0设为公共的 4、OCR设置，选外部冗余，位置/dev/raw/raw1 5、voting disk的存储位置，外部冗余，位置/dev/raw/raw2 6、安装过程很快 7、运行要求的脚本： 在 rac1 上执行：/opt/ora10g/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh; 在 rac2 上执行：/opt/ora10g/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh;  在 rac1 上执行：/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh;  在 rac2 上执行：/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh; 8.VIP报错（在第二个节点执行第二个脚本之前最好就要修改避免报错） 报错信息： /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/crs_1/jdk/jre//bin/java: error while loading shared libraries: libpthread.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 那么就在第二个节点修改： [root@rac2 ~]# vi /home/oracle/product/10.2.1/crs_1/bin/vipca if [ "$arch" = "i686" -o "$arch" = "ia64" -o "$arch" = "x86_64" ] then    LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19    export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL fi unset LD_ASSUME_KERNEL   #增加此内容 [root@rac2 ~]# vi /home/oracle/product/10.2.1/crs_1/bin/srvctl LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19 export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL unset LD_ASSUME_KERNEL   #增加此内容 8.在第二个节点执行第二个脚本,如有报错如下操作 Error 0(Native: listNetInterfaces:[3])   [Error 0(Native: listNetInterfaces:[3])] 执行以下命令： cd $CRS_ORA_HOME/bin [root@rac2 bin]# ./oifcfg setif -global eth0/172.25.27.0:public [root@rac2 bin]# ./oifcfg setif -global eth1/192.168.0.0:cluster_interconnect [root@rac2 bin]# ./oifcfg getif eth0  121.49.0.128  global  public eth2  192.168.1.0  global  cluster_interconnect [root@rac2 opt]# /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/vipca 9、安装Oracle软件 安装完成后要执行一个脚本，应该在两台机器分别执行。 10、ORACLE 10gR2 RAC升级至10 11、创建数据库 （1）、注意在第二（或第三个）画面中，选择主机时要选两台主机 （2）、输入全局数据库名时注意大、小写 （3）、选择在ASM中创建数据库，ASM的参数文件选择使用PFILE（没试过选择SPFILE会怎样） （4）、创建ASM磁盘组 (创建ASM实例前会报告无效的监听器，点OK就行了，它自己会创建一个） （5）、选择使用OMF，文本框中的内容不必改，直接下一步 （6）、把remote_listener参数注释掉 11、配置网络 所有文件都已经自动配置好，只需要在任意节点进入数据库，发布如下命令： SQL> alter system set remote_listener=LISTENERS_RACDB sid='*'; System altered. 注意，LISTENERS_RACDB是在Tnsnames.ora中自动配置的端监听器命令。 解决ORA-12545连接失败问题 Oracle在文档Note:364855.1：RAC Connection Redirected To Wrong Host/IP ORA-12545中进行了相信的描述。 并给出了解决方法：修改数据库中的初始化参数LOCAL_LISTENER： SQL> CONN SYS@TESTRAC1 AS SYSDBA输入口令: ****已连接。 SQL> ALTER SYSTEM  SET LOCAL_LISTENER = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.224)(PORT = 1521))'  SID = 'testrac1'; 系统已更改。 SQL> CONN SYS@TESTRAC2 AS SYSDBA输入口令: ****已连接。 SQL> ALTER SYSTEM  SET LOCAL_LISTENER = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.225)(PORT = 1521))'  SID = 'testrac2'; 系统已更改。 vi tnsnames.ora LISTENERS_NCDATA =   (ADDRESS_LIST =     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nchost01-vip)(PORT = 1521))     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nchost02-vip)(PORT = 1521))   ) NCDATA =   (DESCRIPTION =     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nchost01-vip)(PORT = 1521))     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nchost02-vip)(PORT = 1521))     (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)     (CONNECT_DATA =       (SERVER = DEDICATED)       (SERVICE_NAME = ncdata)       (FAILOVER_MODE =         (TYPE = SELECT)         (METHOD = BASIC)         (RETRIES = 180)         (DELAY = 5)       )     )   ) NCDATA2 =   (DESCRIPTION =     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nchost02-vip)(PORT = 1521))     (CONNECT_DATA =       (SERVER = DEDICATED)       (SERVICE_NAME = ncdata)       (INSTANCE_NAME = ncdata2)     )   ) NCDATA1 =   (DESCRIPTION =     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nchost01-vip)(PORT = 1521))     (CONNECT_DATA =       (SERVER = DEDICATED)       (SERVICE_NAME = ncdata)       (INSTANCE_NAME = ncdata1)     )   ) 十一、添加服务、配置归档 1、添加服务 看这篇文档：Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide 注意有三步： （1）、创建服务： srvctl add  service -d RACDB -s test1 -r RACDB1,RACDB2 -a RACDB1,RACDB2 -P Preconnect （2）、激活服务 这命令只创建服务，在启动新建的服务前，service_name参数不变。下面的命令启动服务：  srvctl start service -d RACDB -s test1 （3）、在Tnsnames.ora中添加TEST2。 2、配置归档 修改参数： alter system set log_archive_dest_1="location=+DG1"; 停止所有实例，重启到Mount状态： srvctl stop instance -d RACDB -i RACDB1,RACDB2 -o immediate srvctl start instance -d RACDB -i RACDB1,RACDB2 -o mount 在任一实例执行如下命令： SQL> alter database archivelog; Database altered. 在两个实例中都执行alter database open 归档配置完成 3、配置闪回数据库 （1）、设置两个参数： SQL> alter system set DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE=500m; System altered. SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='+DG1'; System altered. （2）、关闭并重启实例到Mount [oracle@rac1 admin]$ srvctl stop instance -d RACDB -i RACDB1,RACDB2 -o immediate 注意，只能在某一个节点上启动到Mount状态： [oracle@rac1 admin]$ srvctl start instance -d RACDB -i RACDB1 -o mount （3）、开启闪回数据库： alter database flashback on; **********本博客所有内容均为原创，如有转载请注明作者和出处!!!********** Name:    guoyJoe QQ:        252803295 Email:    oracledba_cn@hotmail.com Blog:      http://blog.csdn.net/guoyJoe ITPUB:   http://www.itpub.net/space-uid-28460966.html OCM:     http://education.oracle.com/education/otn/YGuo.HTM  _____________________________________________________________ 加群验证问题：哪些SGA结构是必需的，哪些是可选的？否则拒绝申请!!! 答案在：http://blog.csdn.net/guoyjoe/article/details/8624392 Oracle@Paradise 　总群:127149411 Oracle@Paradise No.1群:177089463(已满) Oracle@Paradise No.2群:121341761 Oracle@Paradise No.3群:140856036