枚举法的本质就是从所有候选答案中去搜索正确的解,使用该算法需要满足两个条件:
1、可以先确定候选答案的数量;
2、候选答案的范围在求解之前必须是一个确定的集合。
枚举是最简单,最基础,也是最没效率的算法
枚举法优点:
1、枚举有
超级无敌准确性,只要时间足够,正确的枚举得出的结论是绝对正确的。
2、枚举拥有天下第一
全面性,因为它是对所有方案的全面搜索,所以,它能够得出所有的解。
程序优化:
对于枚举算法,
加强约束条件,缩小枚举的范围,是程序优化的主要考虑方向。
实例1:百钱买百鸡
一百个铜钱买了一百只鸡,其中公鸡一只3钱、母鸡一只5钱,小鸡一钱3只,问一百只鸡中公鸡、母鸡、小鸡各多少)
一百个铜钱买了一百只鸡,其中公鸡一只3钱、母鸡一只5钱,小鸡一钱3只,问一百只鸡中公鸡、母鸡、小鸡各多少)
代码:
#include<iostream>
const int COCKPR = 3;
const int HENPR = 5;
const int CHICKS = 3; //原错误const double CHICKPR = 1/3; 1 3 为整形,1/3也为整形所以为0,重新声明1钱能买3只小鸡
void buyChicken(int money, int chooks);
int main()
{
int money = 100;
int chooks = 100;
buyChicken(money, chooks);
return 0;
}
void buyChicken(int money, int chooks)
{
using namespace std;
int MaxCock = money/COCKPR;
int MaxHen = money/HENPR;
int MaxChick = chooks;
int cock,hen,chick;
int count = 0;
for(cock=0; cock<= MaxCock; cock++)
{
for(hen=0; hen<=MaxHen; hen++)
{
for(chick=0; chick<=MaxChick; chick++)
{
if (0 == chick%3 && cock + hen + chick == chooks && COCKPR*cock + HENPR*hen + chick/CHICKS == money)
cout << "公鸡: " << cock << " 母鸡: " << hen << " 小鸡: " << chick << " 第 " << count << "有结果" <<endl;
count ++;
}
}
}
cout << "总共枚举多少次:" << count <<endl;
}
运行结果:
只对小鸡的数量添加一个最小的起始值
函数里面加 int MinChick = chooks-MaxCock-MaxHen;
把最里层小鸡数量的for循环的起始条件改为小鸡最小值 for(chick=MinChick; chick<=MaxChick; chick++)
运算时间复杂度如下。时间复杂度减少一半。说明对于枚举算法,加强约束条件,缩小枚举的范围,是程序优化的主要考虑方向。
代码如下:
#include<iostream>
const int COCKPR = 3;
const int HENPR = 5;
const int CHICKS = 3; //原错误const double CHICKPR = 1/3; 1 3 为整形,1/3也为整形所以为0,重新声明1钱能买3只小鸡
void buyChicken(int money, int chooks);
int main()
{
int money = 100;
int chooks = 100;
buyChicken(money, chooks);
return 0;
}
void buyChicken(int money, int chooks)
{
using namespace std;
int MaxCock = money/COCKPR;
int MaxHen = money/HENPR;
int MaxChick = chooks;
int MinChick = chooks-MaxCock-MaxHen;
int cock,hen,chick;
int count = 0;
for(cock=0; cock<= MaxCock; cock++)
{
for(hen=0; hen<=MaxHen; hen++)
{
for(chick=MinChick; chick<=MaxChick; chick++)
{
if (0 == chick%3 && cock + hen + chick == chooks && COCKPR*cock + HENPR*hen + chick/CHICKS == money)
cout << "公鸡: " << cock << " 母鸡: " << hen << " 小鸡: " << chick << " 第 " << count << "有结果" <<endl;
count ++;
}
}
}
cout << "总共枚举多少次:" << count <<endl;
}
实例2:填数字游戏
代码:
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int t1,t2,t3,t4,t5;
for (t1=1; t1<=9; t1++)
{
for(t2=0; t2<=9; t2++)
{
for(t3=0; t3<=9; t3++)
{
for(t4=0; t4<=9; t4++)
{
for(t5=0; t5<=9; t5++)
{
if(t5*100000 + t5*10000 + t5*1000 + t5*100 + t5*10 + t5 == t5*t1 + t4*t1*10 + t3*t1*100 + t2*t1*1000 + t1 *t1*10000 )
{
cout << " 算的数值为: " << t1 << " 法的数值为: " << t2 << " 描的数值为: " <<t3 << " 述的数值为: " << t4 << " 题的数值为: " << t5<<endl;
cout << " " << t1 << " " << t2 << " " << t3 << " " << t4 << " " << t5 <<endl;
cout << "X " << t1<<endl;
cout << "________________\n";
cout << " " << t5 << " " << t5 << " " << t5 << " " << t5 << " " << t5 << " " << t5 <<endl;
}
}
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
运行结果: