C#实现自动化Log日志

在开发项目的时候,我们不免要使用Log记录日志,使用最多的是Log4Net和EntLib Log,在需要记录日志的代码处加入log.Write(日志信息),假设我需要跟踪业务方法,记录方法的传递参数,执行时间,返回数据等;或者我需要查看方法的调用关系,希望进入方法的时候自动记录参数信息,出方法时记录结果和执行时间信息。这时就是一个典型的AOP运用,Java在AOP方面是很容易实现的,因为java有类加载器。但是.Net在AOP方面就不怎么容易,严格意义上.Net没有真正的AOP。这话并不代表.Net不能实现AOP,比如:PostSharp和Enterprise library就能实现。

先介绍一下PostSharp,我们知道.net代码将编译成MSIL(微软中间语言),然后CPU将MSIL的exe文件生成本地CPU的二进制文件格式,PostSharp就是在编译过程中加入IL代码,因而完成AOP功能。
缺点:编译器需要PostSharp组件,维护代码困难,因为IL代码不好识别;
优点:使用方便(PostSharp2是收费版,破解也比较方便,在此不介绍破解)

这里我重点介绍如何使用Enterprise Library实现自动化Log。
1.首先我们需要下载Enterprise Library,最新为5.0版本;
2.新建一个控制台项目,并添加以下程序集
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection
Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation
Microsoft.Practices.Unity
Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Interception
3.添加AutoLogCallHandler类,实现ICallHandler接口
这个类是执行调用目标方法,在调用目标方法前获取方法的参数信息,并用EntLib Log记录日志;
方法结束后,再次记录日志,并统计执行时间和异常处理

  1. using System;
  2. using System.Collections.Generic;
  3. using System.Linq;
  4. using System.Text;
  5. using Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension;
  6. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
  7. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;
  8. using System.Diagnostics;
  9. using System.Reflection;
  10. namespace AutoLog {
  11. public class AutoLogCallHandler:ICallHandler {
  12. private LogWriter logWriter = EnterpriseLibraryContainer.Current.GetInstance<LogWriter>();
  13. public AutoLogCallHandler() { }
  14. public IMethodReturn Invoke(IMethodInvocation input, GetNextHandlerDelegate getNext) {
  15. StringBuilder sb = null;
  16. ParameterInfo pi = null;
  17. string methodName = input.MethodBase.Name;
  18. logWriter.Write(string.Format("Enter method " + methodName));
  19. if (input.Arguments != null && input.Arguments.Count > 0) {
  20. sb = new StringBuilder();
  21. for (int i = 0; i < input.Arguments.Count; i++) {
  22. pi = input.Arguments.GetParameterInfo(i);
  23. sb.Append(pi.Name).Append(" : ").Append(input.Arguments[i]).AppendLine();
  24. }
  25. logWriter.Write(sb.ToString());
  26. }
  27. Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
  28. sw.Start();
  29. IMethodReturn result = getNext()(input, getNext);
  30. //如果发生异常则,result.Exception != null
  31. if (result.Exception != null) {
  32. logWriter.Write("Exception:" + result.Exception.Message);
  33. //必须将异常处理掉,否则无法继续执行
  34. result.Exception = null;
  35. }
  36. sw.Stop();
  37. logWriter.Write(string.Format("Exit method {0}, use {1}.",methodName, sw.Elapsed));
  38. return result;
  39. }
  40. public int Order { get; set; }
  41. }
  42. }
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Reflection;

namespace AutoLog {
	public class AutoLogCallHandler:ICallHandler {

		private LogWriter logWriter = EnterpriseLibraryContainer.Current.GetInstance<LogWriter>();

		public AutoLogCallHandler() { }

		public IMethodReturn Invoke(IMethodInvocation input, GetNextHandlerDelegate getNext) {
			StringBuilder sb = null;
			ParameterInfo pi = null;

			string methodName = input.MethodBase.Name;
			logWriter.Write(string.Format("Enter method " + methodName));


			if (input.Arguments != null && input.Arguments.Count > 0) {
				sb = new StringBuilder();
				for (int i = 0; i < input.Arguments.Count; i++) {
					pi = input.Arguments.GetParameterInfo(i);
					sb.Append(pi.Name).Append(" : ").Append(input.Arguments[i]).AppendLine();
				}
				logWriter.Write(sb.ToString());
			}		
			

			Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
			sw.Start();

			IMethodReturn result = getNext()(input, getNext);
			//如果发生异常则,result.Exception != null
			if (result.Exception != null) {
				logWriter.Write("Exception:" + result.Exception.Message);
				//必须将异常处理掉,否则无法继续执行
				result.Exception = null;
			}

			sw.Stop();
			logWriter.Write(string.Format("Exit method {0}, use {1}.",methodName, sw.Elapsed));

			return result;
		}

		public int Order { get; set; }
	}
}

4.要自动化日志就需要创建一个标记属性,指定方法能自动进行日志
这里就创建AutoLogCallHandlerAttribute标记属性

  1. using System;
  2. using System.Collections.Generic;
  3. using System.Linq;
  4. using System.Text;
  5. using Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension;
  6. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
  7. using System.Diagnostics;
  8. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;
  9. namespace AutoLog {
  10. public class AutoLogCallHandlerAttribute:HandlerAttribute {
  11. public override ICallHandler CreateHandler(Microsoft.Practices.Unity.IUnityContainer container) {
  12. return new AutoLogCallHandler() { Order = this.Order };
  13. }
  14. }
  15. }
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
using System.Diagnostics;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;

namespace AutoLog {

	public class AutoLogCallHandlerAttribute:HandlerAttribute {

		public override ICallHandler CreateHandler(Microsoft.Practices.Unity.IUnityContainer container) {
			return new AutoLogCallHandler() { Order = this.Order };
		}
	}
}

5.创建实体类
注意:我在Work和ToString方法上方加上了AutoLogCallHandler属性,它是AutoLogCallHandlerAttribute的简写形式。用以指示这两个方法用AutoLogCallHandler的Invoke来处理。

  1. using System;
  2. using System.Collections.Generic;
  3. using System.Linq;
  4. using System.Text;
  5. using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
  6. namespace AutoLog {
  7. public class Employee : MarshalByRefObject
  8. {
  9. public Employee() {}
  10. public string Name { get; set; }
  11. [AutoLogCallHandler()]
  12. public void Work() {
  13. Console.WriteLine("Now is {0},{1} is working hard!",DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString(),Name);
  14. throw new Exception("Customer Exception");
  15. }
  16. [AutoLogCallHandler()]
  17. public override string ToString() {
  18. return string.Format("I'm {0}.",Name);
  19. }
  20. }
  21. }
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;

namespace AutoLog {

	public class Employee : MarshalByRefObject 
	{
		
		public Employee() {}

		public string Name { get; set; }

		[AutoLogCallHandler()]
		public void Work() {
			Console.WriteLine("Now is {0},{1} is working hard!",DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString(),Name);
			throw new Exception("Customer Exception");
		}

		[AutoLogCallHandler()]
		public override string ToString() {
			return string.Format("I'm {0}.",Name);
		}
	}
}

6.测试代码
注意:必须使用PolicyInjection.Create<Employee>()来创建对象,不然无法实现。

  1. using System;
  2. using System.Collections.Generic;
  3. using System.Linq;
  4. using System.Text;
  5. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection;
  6. using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
  7. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
  8. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;
  9. namespace AutoLog {
  10. class Program {
  11. private static LogWriter logWriter = EnterpriseLibraryContainer.Current.GetInstance<LogWriter>();
  12. static void Main(string[] args) {
  13. Employee emp = PolicyInjection.Create<Employee>();
  14. emp.Name = "Lele";
  15. emp.Work();
  16. Console.WriteLine(emp);
  17. }
  18. }
  19. }
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;

namespace AutoLog {
	class Program {

		private static LogWriter logWriter = EnterpriseLibraryContainer.Current.GetInstance<LogWriter>();

		static void Main(string[] args) {


			Employee emp = PolicyInjection.Create<Employee>();

			emp.Name = "Lele";

			emp.Work();
			Console.WriteLine(emp);
		}
	}
}

7.还需要用EntLib的配置工具完成Log配置,将Log信息写入Trace.log文件中

  1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
  2. <configuration>
  3. <configSections>
  4. <section name="loggingConfiguration" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.LoggingSettings, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" requirePermission="true" />
  5. </configSections>
  6. <loggingConfiguration name="" tracingEnabled="true" defaultCategory="General">
  7. <listeners>
  8. <add name="Flat File Trace Listener" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FlatFileTraceListener, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
  9. listenerDataType="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.FlatFileTraceListenerData, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
  10. fileName="trace.log" formatter="Text Formatter" />
  11. </listeners>
  12. <formatters>
  13. <add type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.TextFormatter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
  14. template="Timestamp: {timestamp}{newline}
  15. Message: {message}{newline}
  16. Category: {category}{newline}
  17. Priority: {priority}{newline}
  18. EventId: {eventid}{newline}
  19. Severity: {severity}{newline}
  20. Title:{title}{newline}
  21. Machine: {localMachine}{newline}
  22. App Domain: {localAppDomain}{newline}
  23. ProcessId: {localProcessId}{newline}
  24. Process Name: {localProcessName}{newline}
  25. Thread Name: {threadName}{newline}
  26. Win32 ThreadId:{win32ThreadId}{newline}
  27. Extended Properties: {dictionary({key} - {value}{newline})}"
  28. name="Text Formatter" />
  29. </formatters>
  30. <categorySources>
  31. <add switchValue="All" name="General">
  32. <listeners>
  33. <add name="Flat File Trace Listener" />
  34. </listeners>
  35. </add>
  36. </categorySources>
  37. <specialSources>
  38. <allEvents switchValue="All" name="All Events" />
  39. <notProcessed switchValue="All" name="Unprocessed Category" />
  40. <errors switchValue="All" name="Logging Errors & Warnings">
  41. <listeners>
  42. <add name="Flat File Trace Listener" />
  43. </listeners>
  44. </errors>
  45. </specialSources>
  46. </loggingConfiguration>
  47. <startup>
  48. <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/>
  49. </startup>
  50. </configuration>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
    <configSections>
        <section name="loggingConfiguration" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.LoggingSettings, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" requirePermission="true" />
    </configSections>
    <loggingConfiguration name="" tracingEnabled="true" defaultCategory="General">
        <listeners>
            <add name="Flat File Trace Listener" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FlatFileTraceListener, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
                listenerDataType="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.FlatFileTraceListenerData, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
                fileName="trace.log" formatter="Text Formatter" />
        </listeners>
        <formatters>
            <add type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.TextFormatter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.505.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"
                template="Timestamp: {timestamp}{newline}
Message: {message}{newline}
Category: {category}{newline}
Priority: {priority}{newline}
EventId: {eventid}{newline}
Severity: {severity}{newline}
Title:{title}{newline}
Machine: {localMachine}{newline}
App Domain: {localAppDomain}{newline}
ProcessId: {localProcessId}{newline}
Process Name: {localProcessName}{newline}
Thread Name: {threadName}{newline}
Win32 ThreadId:{win32ThreadId}{newline}
Extended Properties: {dictionary({key} - {value}{newline})}"
                name="Text Formatter" />
        </formatters>
        <categorySources>
            <add switchValue="All" name="General">
                <listeners>
                    <add name="Flat File Trace Listener" />
                </listeners>
            </add>
        </categorySources>
        <specialSources>
            <allEvents switchValue="All" name="All Events" />
            <notProcessed switchValue="All" name="Unprocessed Category" />
            <errors switchValue="All" name="Logging Errors & Warnings">
                <listeners>
                    <add name="Flat File Trace Listener" />
                </listeners>
            </errors>
        </specialSources>
    </loggingConfiguration>
    <startup>
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/>
    </startup>
</configuration>


好了,测试一下,控制台输入:
Now is 14:03,Lele is working hard!
I'm Lele.
再看看Trace.log文件内容:

  1. ----------------------------------------
  2. Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00
  3. Message: Enter method Work
  4. Category: General
  5. Priority: -1
  6. EventId: 1
  7. Severity: Information
  8. Title:
  9. Machine: PC4
  10. App Domain: AutoLog.exe
  11. ProcessId: 4200
  12. Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe
  13. Thread Name:
  14. Win32 ThreadId:4000
  15. Extended Properties:
  16. ----------------------------------------
  17. ----------------------------------------
  18. Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00
  19. Message: Exception:Customer Exception
  20. Category: General
  21. Priority: -1
  22. EventId: 1
  23. Severity: Information
  24. Title:
  25. Machine: PC4
  26. App Domain: AutoLog.exe
  27. ProcessId: 4200
  28. Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe
  29. Thread Name:
  30. Win32 ThreadId:4000
  31. Extended Properties:
  32. ----------------------------------------
  33. ----------------------------------------
  34. Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00
  35. Message: Exit method Work, use 00:00:00.0024272.
  36. Category: General
  37. Priority: -1
  38. EventId: 1
  39. Severity: Information
  40. Title:
  41. Machine: PC4
  42. App Domain: AutoLog.exe
  43. ProcessId: 4200
  44. Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe
  45. Thread Name:
  46. Win32 ThreadId:4000
  47. Extended Properties:
  48. ----------------------------------------
  49. ----------------------------------------
  50. Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00
  51. Message: Enter method ToString
  52. Category: General
  53. Priority: -1
  54. EventId: 1
  55. Severity: Information
  56. Title:
  57. Machine: PC4
  58. App Domain: AutoLog.exe
  59. ProcessId: 4200
  60. Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe
  61. Thread Name:
  62. Win32 ThreadId:4000
  63. Extended Properties:
  64. ----------------------------------------
  65. ----------------------------------------
  66. Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00
  67. Message: Exit method ToString, use 00:00:00.0001410.
  68. Category: General
  69. Priority: -1
  70. EventId: 1
  71. Severity: Information
  72. Title:
  73. Machine: PC4
  74. App Domain: AutoLog.exe
  75. ProcessId: 4200
  76. Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe
  77. Thread Name:
  78. Win32 ThreadId:4000
  79. Extended Properties:
  80. ----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00

Message: Enter method Work

Category: General

Priority: -1

EventId: 1

Severity: Information

Title:

Machine: PC4

App Domain: AutoLog.exe

ProcessId: 4200

Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe

Thread Name: 

Win32 ThreadId:4000

Extended Properties: 
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00

Message: Exception:Customer Exception

Category: General

Priority: -1

EventId: 1

Severity: Information

Title:

Machine: PC4

App Domain: AutoLog.exe

ProcessId: 4200

Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe

Thread Name: 

Win32 ThreadId:4000

Extended Properties: 
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00

Message: Exit method Work, use 00:00:00.0024272.

Category: General

Priority: -1

EventId: 1

Severity: Information

Title:

Machine: PC4

App Domain: AutoLog.exe

ProcessId: 4200

Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe

Thread Name: 

Win32 ThreadId:4000

Extended Properties: 
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00

Message: Enter method ToString

Category: General

Priority: -1

EventId: 1

Severity: Information

Title:

Machine: PC4

App Domain: AutoLog.exe

ProcessId: 4200

Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe

Thread Name: 

Win32 ThreadId:4000

Extended Properties: 
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
Timestamp: 2012/3/19 6:03:00

Message: Exit method ToString, use 00:00:00.0001410.

Category: General

Priority: -1

EventId: 1

Severity: Information

Title:

Machine: PC4

App Domain: AutoLog.exe

ProcessId: 4200

Process Name: D:\Codes\Enterprise Library\Enterprise Library Demos\PIAB\Demo\AutoLog\bin\Debug\AutoLog.exe

Thread Name: 

Win32 ThreadId:4000

Extended Properties: 
----------------------------------------


实现了自动化Log后,回过头来再看第5步,Employee继承了MarshalByRefObject,一般我们的业务类或数据访问类都有基类,那么我们就需要使用接口
这里我添加一个IEmployee接口,里面就Work方法(ToString是重写Object的)。

  1. using System.Collections.Generic;
  2. using System.Linq;
  3. using System.Text;
  4. using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
  5. namespace AutoLog {
  6. public interface IEmployee {
  7. void Work();
  8. }
  9. public class Employee : IEmployee
  10. {
  11. public Employee() {
  12. //this.Name = "Lele";
  13. }
  14. public string Name { get; set; }
  15. [AutoLogCallHandler()]
  16. public void Work() {
  17. Console.WriteLine("Now is {0},{1} is working hard!",DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString(),Name);
  18. throw new Exception("Customer Exception");
  19. }
  20. [AutoLogCallHandler()]
  21. public override string ToString() {
  22. return string.Format("I'm {0}.",Name);
  23. }
  24. }
  25. }
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;

namespace AutoLog {

	public interface IEmployee {
		void Work();
	}

	public class Employee : IEmployee 
	{
		
		public Employee() {
			//this.Name = "Lele";
		}

		public string Name { get; set; }

		[AutoLogCallHandler()]
		public void Work() {
			Console.WriteLine("Now is {0},{1} is working hard!",DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString(),Name);
			throw new Exception("Customer Exception");
		}

		[AutoLogCallHandler()]
		public override string ToString() {
			return string.Format("I'm {0}.",Name);
		}
	}
}

然后在测试类改动一下

  1. using System;
  2. using System.Collections.Generic;
  3. using System.Linq;
  4. using System.Text;
  5. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection;
  6. using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
  7. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
  8. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;
  9. namespace AutoLog {
  10. class Program {
  11. private static LogWriter logWriter = EnterpriseLibraryContainer.Current.GetInstance<LogWriter>();
  12. static void Main(string[] args) {
  13. IEmployee emp = PolicyInjection.Create<Employee, IEmployee>();
  14. emp.Work();
  15. Console.WriteLine(emp);
  16. }
  17. }
  18. }
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;

namespace AutoLog {
	class Program {

		private static LogWriter logWriter = EnterpriseLibraryContainer.Current.GetInstance<LogWriter>();

		static void Main(string[] args) {

			IEmployee emp = PolicyInjection.Create<Employee, IEmployee>();

			emp.Work();
			Console.WriteLine(emp);
		}
	}
}



此为大牛:http://blog.csdn.net/qing2005/article/details/7368738

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