第五章 广播
一、广播机制
标准广播:发出后所有广播接收器几乎同时收到,没有先后顺序。效率高,但是无法被截断;
有序广播:发出后同一时刻只有一个广播接收器能收到,有先后顺序,优先级高的广播接收器可以先收到广播。广播可以被截断。
二、接收系统广播
1.以动态注册监听网络变化为例
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优化代码,提醒用户是有网还是没网
//修改onReceive()的代码
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent){
//利用getSystemService得到一个ConnectivityManager,一个用于管理网络的系统服务类
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager=
(ConnectivityManager)getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
//再利用getActiveNetworkInfo得到NetworkInfo的实例
NetworkInfo networkInfo=connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
if(networkInfo!=null&&networkInfo.isAvailable()){
Toast.makeText(context,"network is available",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else {
Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
若想查询系统网络状况,需要在AndroidManifest.xml中声明权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
2.静态实现开机启动
先新建一个广播接收器类
public class BootBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context,"Boot complete",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
在配置文件中注册广播接收器
//监听开机广播需要声明的权限
三、发送自定义广播
1.发送标准广播
新建一个广播接收器类,然后在AndroidManifest.xml对其注册,然后在MainActivty中利用按钮发送一条可被其收到的广播。
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2.发送有序广播
新建一个项目,在其中新建一个广播接收器,可以接受跟上一个项目同样的广播,从而实现广播的跨进程通信
//新建一个项目,并新建ling
public class AnotherBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context,"this is another broadcast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
在MyBroadcast的AndroidManifest.xml文件中可以设置广播接收器的优先级
<receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver">
//利用android:priority属性设置优先级
<intent-filter android:priority=“100” >
//指明可被接受的广播内容
<action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<intent-filter android:priority=“100” >
//指明可被接受的广播内容
<action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
设置优先级之后可以将广播截断
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context,"received in myBroadcast receiver",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//利用abortBroadcast()方法截断广播
abortBroadcast();
}
}
四、使用本地广播
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private IntentFilter intentFilter; private LocalReceiver localReceiver; private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //获取本地广播管理器的实例 localBroadcastManager=LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this); Button button=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button); button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent=new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST"); //发送本地广播 localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent); } }); intentFilter=new IntentFilter(); intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST"); localReceiver=new LocalReceiver(); //注册本地广播监听器 localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver,intentFilter); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver); } class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{ @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Toast.makeText(context,"receive local broadcast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }