有这么一个应用场景，某网站提供会员登录的功能，用户需要注册账号才能享受会员服务，但是注册者可能会因为用户资料表单输入项过大而放弃填写，因此用户信息分为主要资料和详细资料两项，初次注册只需要填写主要资料就行了。我们打算把详细信息设计为子文档存储。
1) linq方式实现
1. 新建数据描述类，描述用户信息
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/// <summary>
/// 用户主要资料
/// </summary>
public
class
UserInfo
{
public
string
UserId {
get
;
set
; }
public
string
UserName {
get
;
set
; }
public
string
PassWord {
get
;
set
; }
public
Detail Detail {
get
;
set
; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 用户详细资料
/// </summary>
public
class
Detail
{
public
string
Address {
get
;
set
; }
public
int
Age {
get
;
set
; }
public
string
Email {
get
;
set
; }
}
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2. 我们要新建一个用户业务操作类“UserBLL”。这个时候要让驱动知道UserInfo类描述了“用户资料”的字段信息，在GetMongo()方法实现了配置步骤，UserBLL完整代码如下：
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public
class
UserBLL
{
public
string
databaseName =
"myDatabase"
;
private
Mongo mongo;
private
MongoDatabase mongoDatabase;
//注意这里泛型类型为“UserInfo”
private
MongoCollection<UserInfo> mongoCollection;
public
UserBLL()
{
mongo = GetMongo();
mongoDatabase = mongo.GetDatabase(databaseName)
as
MongoDatabase;
mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.GetCollection<UserInfo>()
as
MongoCollection<UserInfo>;
mongo.Connect();
}
~UserBLL()
{
mongo.Disconnect();
}
/// <summary>
/// 配置Mongo,将类UserInfo映射到集合
/// </summary>
private
Mongo GetMongo()
{
var config =
new
MongoConfigurationBuilder();
config.Mapping(mapping =>
{
mapping.DefaultProfile(profile =>
{
profile.SubClassesAre(t => t.IsSubclassOf(
typeof
(UserInfo)));
});
mapping.Map<UserInfo>();
});
config.ConnectionString(connectionString);
return
new
Mongo(config.BuildConfiguration());
}
}
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3. 接着，在“UserBLL”类中定义一个方法“InsertSomeData()”来插入一些数据：
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/// <summary>
/// 插入一些数据
/// </summary>
public
void
InsertSomeData()
{
UserInfo userInfo1 =
new
UserInfo()
{
UserId =
"1001"
,
UserName =
"张三"
,
PassWord =
"123456"
};
mongoCollection.Save(userInfo1);
UserInfo userInfo2 =
new
UserInfo()
{
UserId =
"1002"
,
UserName =
"李四"
,
PassWord =
"123456"
,
Detail =
new
Detail()
{
Address =
"湖北"
,
Age = 20,
Email =
"lisi@163.com"
}
};
mongoCollection.Save(userInfo2);
UserInfo userInfo3 =
new
UserInfo()
{
UserId =
"1003"
,
UserName =
"王五"
,
PassWord =
"123456"
,
Detail =
new
Detail()
{
Address =
"广东"
,
Age = 20,
Email =
"wangwu@163.com"
}
};
mongoCollection.Save(userInfo3);
UserInfo userInfo4 =
new
UserInfo()
{
UserId =
"1004"
,
UserName =
"赵六"
,
PassWord =
"123456"
,
Detail =
new
Detail()
{
Address =
"湖北"
}
};
mongoCollection.Save(userInfo4);
}
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4. 定义一个查找数据的方法“Select”，它将查找用户详细信息中，地址在湖北的全部用户：
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/// <summary>
/// 查询详细资料地址为湖北的用户信息
/// </summary>
public
List<UserInfo> Select()
{
return
mongoCollection.Linq().Where(x => x.Detail.Address ==
"湖北"
).ToList();
}
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5. 还定义一个删除数据的方法，将删除集合全部数据：
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/// <summary>
/// 删除全部用户信息
/// </summary>
public
void
DeleteAll()
{
mongoCollection.Remove(x =>
true
);
}
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6. 在Main方法中添加如下代码：
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static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
UserBLL userBll =
new
UserBLL();
userBll.InsertSomeData();
var users = userBll.Select();
foreach
(var user
in
users)
{
Console.WriteLine(user.UserName +
"是湖北人"
);
};
userBll.DeleteAll();
}
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7. 最后执行程序，打印如下信息：
李四是湖北人
赵六是湖北人
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1) 普通实现
普通方式实现不想多讲，直接贴代码，看看与linq方式有什么区别：
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class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
UserBLL userBll =
new
UserBLL();
userBll.InsertSomeData();
var users = userBll.Select();
foreach
(var user
in
users)
{
Console.WriteLine(user[
"UserName"
].ToString() +
"是湖北人"
);
};
userBll.DeleteAll();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
public
class
UserBLL
{
public
string
databaseName =
"myDatabase"
;
public
string
collectionName =
"UserInfo"
;
private
Mongo mongo;
private
MongoDatabase mongoDatabase;
private
MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection;
public
UserBLL()
{
mongo =
new
Mongo(connectionString);
mongoDatabase = mongo.GetDatabase(databaseName)
as
MongoDatabase;
mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.GetCollection<Document>(collectionName)
as
MongoCollection<Document>;
mongo.Connect();
}
~UserBLL()
{
mongo.Disconnect();
}
/// <summary>
/// 插入一些数据
/// </summary>
public
void
InsertSomeData()
{
Document userInfo1 =
new
Document();
userInfo1[
"UserId"
] =
"1001"
;
userInfo1[
"UserName"
] =
"张三"
;
userInfo1[
"PassWord"
] =
"123456"
;
mongoCollection.Save(userInfo1);
Document userInfo2 =
new
Document();
userInfo2[
"UserId"
] =
"1002"
;
userInfo2[
"UserName"
] =
"李四"
;
userInfo2[
"PassWord"
] =
"123456"
;
//子文档
var userInfo2Detail =
new
Document();
userInfo2Detail[
"Address"
] =
"湖北"
;
userInfo2Detail[
"Age"
] = 20;
userInfo2Detail[
"Email"
] =
"lisi@163.com"
;
userInfo2[
"Detail"
] = userInfo2Detail;
mongoCollection.Save(userInfo2);
Document userInfo3 =
new
Document();
userInfo3[
"UserId"
] =
"1003"
;
userInfo3[
"UserName"
] =
"王五"
;
userInfo3[
"PassWord"
] =
"123456"
;
var userInfo3Detail =
new
Document();
userInfo3Detail[
"Address"
] =
"广东"
;
userInfo3Detail[
"Age"
] = 20;
userInfo3Detail[
"Email"
] =
"wangwu@163.com"
;
userInfo3[
"Detail"
] = userInfo3Detail;
mongoCollection.Save(userInfo3);
Document userInfo4 =
new
Document();
userInfo4[
"UserId"
] =
"1004"
;
userInfo4[
"UserName"
] =
"赵六"
;
userInfo4[
"PassWord"
] =
"123456"
;
var userInfo4Detail =
new
Document();
userInfo4Detail[
"Address"
] =
"湖北"
;
userInfo4[
"Detail"
] = userInfo4Detail;
mongoCollection.Save(userInfo4);
}
/// <summary>
/// 查询详细资料地址为湖北的用户信息
/// </summary>
public
IEnumerable<Document> Select()
{
return
mongoCollection.Find(
new
Document { {
"Detail.Address"
,
"湖北"
} }).Documents;
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除全部用户信息
/// </summary>
public
void
DeleteAll()
{
mongoCollection.Remove(
new
Document { });
}
}
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最后，我们通过这段代码输出全部用户资料信息的BJSON格式：
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/// <summary>
/// 打印数据BJSON
/// </summary>
public
void
PrintBJSON()
{
string
BJSON =
string
.Empty;
foreach
(var documet
in
mongoCollection.FindAll().Documents)
{
BJSON += documet.ToString();
}
Console.WriteLine(BJSON);
}
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结果如下：
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{
"UserId"
:
"1001"
,
"UserName"
:
"张三"
,
"PassWord"
:
"123456"
,
"_id"
:
"4d80ec1ab8a4731338000001"
}
{
"UserId"
:
"1002"
,
"UserName"
:
"李四"
,
"PassWord"
:
"123456"
,
"Detail"
: {
"Address"
:
"湖北"
,
"Age"
: 20,
"Email"
:
"lisi@163.com"
},
"_id"
:
"4d80ec1ab8a4731338000002"
}
{
"UserId"
:
"1003"
,
"UserName"
:
"王五"
,
"PassWord"
:
"123456"
,
"Detail"
: {
"Address"
:
"广东"
,
"Age"
: 20,
"Email"
:
"wangwu@163.com"
},
"_id"
:
"4d80ec1ab8a4731338000003"
}
{
"UserId"
:
"1004"
,
"UserName"
:
"赵六"
,
"PassWord"
:
"123456"
,
"Detail"
: {
"Address"
:
"湖北"
},
"_id"
:
"4d80ec1ab8a4731338000004"
}
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二、包含“子集合”的集合操作
同样举个例子：有一个学校人事管理系统要统计班级和学生的信息，现在定义了一个“班级集合”，这个集合里面的学生字段是一个“学生集合”，包含了本班全部学生。
1) linq方式实现
基础配置我就不多说了，数据类定义如下：
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/// <summary>
/// 班级信息
/// </summary>
public
class
ClassInfo
{
public
string
ClassName {
get
;
set
; }
public
List<Student> Students {
get
;
set
; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 学生信息
/// </summary>
public
class
Student
{
public
string
Name {
get
;
set
; }
public
int
Age {
get
;
set
; }
}
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查询叫“张三”的学生在哪个班级，以及他的详细信息：
(这里其实是ToList后在内存中查的,linq方式直接查询好像驱动不支持。)
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public
List<ClassInfo> Select()
{
return
mongoCollection.Linq().ToList().Where(x => x.Students.Exists(s => s.Name ==
"张三"
)).ToList();
}
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1) 普通实现
查询叫“张三”的学生在哪个班级，以及他的详细信息：
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public
List<Document> Select()
{
var mongocollection = mongoDatabase.GetCollection(
"ClassInfo"
);
return
mongocollection.Find(
new
Document { {
"Students.Name"
,
"张三"
} }).Documents.ToList();
}
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打印数据的BJSON：
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{
"_id"
:
"4d814bae5c5f000000005f63"
,
"ClassName"
:
"1001"
,
"Students"
: [ {
"Name"
:
"张三"
,
"Age"
: 10 }, {
"Name"
:
"李四"
,
"Age"
: 0 } ] }
{
"_id"
:
"4d814bae5c5f000000005f64"
,
"ClassName"
:
"1002"
,
"Students"
: [ ] }
{
"_id"
:
"4d814bae5c5f000000005f65"
,
"ClassName"
:
"1003"
,
"Students"
: [ {
"Name"
:
"王五"
,
"Age"
: 11 }, {
"Name"
:
"赵六"
,
"Age"
: 9 } ] }
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三、小结
通过本节例子我们发现，MongoDB有它独特的文档结构可以描述数据对象之间的一些关系特征。它虽然没有关系型数据库多表符合查询那样强大的表间查询方式，但也可以通过文档结构描述更灵活的关系特性，可以这么说，关系型数据库能做的，MongoDB基本上也可以做到。甚至有些关系数据库不容易做到的，MongoDB也可以轻松做到，比如，描述数据类的继承关系等。
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