Linux环境下安装python 3解释器

一、环境部署-源码安装

1.安装依赖包

yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y    #开发工具包

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel libffi-devel

#groupinstall和install区别

yum install :安装单个软件

yum grouplist :查看这个软件的所有软件包

yum groupinstall :安装多个软件，安装这个软件的所有依赖的软件包，yum groupinstall安装的时候软件包名必须加双引号

2.下载python源码包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.6/Python-3.7.6.tar.xz

3.解压

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf Python-3.7.6.tar.xz

[root@localhost ~]# ll

总用量 16852

drwxr-xr-x. 18  501  501     4096 12月 19 2019 Python-3.7.6

-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 17246360 12月 19 2019 Python-3.7.6.tar.xz

4.进入加压后的目录修改Modules文件夹下的Setup.dist文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd Python-3.7.6/

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#readline/readline/' Modules/Setup.dist

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#(SSL=)/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist                    

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#(_ssl)/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist     

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#([\t]*-DUSE)/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist     

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#([\t]*-L\$\(SSL\))/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist           

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]#

5.开始编译安装

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# ./configure --enable-shared

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# make -j 2 && make install    

--enable-shared 指定安装共享库，共享库在使用其他需调用python的软件时会用到，比如使用mod_wgsi连接Apache与python时需要

#-j参数启动两个进程进行编译

二、配置环境

注意：这个时候启动python3是出错的，因为之前预编译阶段指定了共享库

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# python3

python3: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.7m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]#

需要执行如下命令配置环境

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# cmdl='export LD_LIBRARY_PATH='

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# cmd2='$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib'

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# file="/etc/profile.d/python3_lib.sh"

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# echo "${cmd1}${cmd2}">$file

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# cat /etc/profile.d/python3_lib.sh

$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]#

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# path="/usr/local/lib"

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# file2="/etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.conf"

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# echo ${path} > $file2

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.conf

/usr/local/lib

[root@localhost Python-3.7.6]#

使配置文件生效

[root@localhost lib]# ldconfig



[root@localhost lib]# source /etc/profile    #这一步我报错了，但不影响我启动python3



[root@localhost lib]# python3

Python 3.7.6 (default, May  5 2022, 18:08:12)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>

#使用这种方式可以保留python2

[root@localhost lib]# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Oct 30 2018, 23:45:53)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> exit()

[root@localhost lib]#