尚观第13天学习 dns原理及配置

客户端:
[root@dba1 ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf    指定dns服务器是谁

dns解析过程
客户端：访问ftp.uplooking.com
先查找本地文件hosts
没有再去查找指定的dns服务器(缓存dns服务器)202.106.0.20  202.106.46.151
找不到的话，就去找根dns服务器,再一层层往下查找

#vim /etc/host.conf
order  hosts,bind

安装：

#yum install  bind   bind-utils   bind-chroot  caching-nameserver -y

baseurl=ftp://192.168.100.250/rhel5u8/Server/

配置：
正向解析：A记录
主配置文件：
#cd /var/named/chroot/etc/
#vim named.conf
options
{
    directory "/var/named";
};


zone "uplooking.com"
{
    type master;
    file "uplooking.com.zone";
};

# chown named.named named.conf 

区域配置文件：
# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
#vim uplooking.com.zone
$TTL 86400
@  SOA  dns.uplooking.com. root.uplooking.com. (
                      201210201
                                    3H
                                    15M
                                    1W
                                    1D )


                                      NS      dns.uplooking.com.
dns.uplooking.com.      IN A   192.168.100.250


www.uplooking.com.    IN A   192.168.100.8
ftp.uplooking.com.       IN A   192.168.100.9
mail.uplooking.com.     IN A   192.168.100.254

# chown named.named uplooking.com.zone 

反向解析：PTR记录
主配置文件添加：
zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa"
{
    type master;
    file "100.168.192.arpa";
};
区域配置文件：
$TTL 86400
@  SOA  dns.uplooking.com. root.uplooking.com. (
                                    201210201
                                    3H
                                    15M
                                    1W
                                    1D )


                    NS  dns.uplooking.com.


8               IN PTR  dns.uplooking.com.
9               IN PTR  ftp.uplooking.com.
198             IN PTR  mail.163.com.

泛域名解析：在正向解析区域配置文件里添加
*.uplooking.com.    IN A  192.168.100.253

[root@dba1 named]# host -t a fjdk.uplooking.com
fjdk.uplooking.com has address 192.168.100.253

别名：
 www  IN A  192.168.100.8
 ftp     IN CNAME www.uplooking.com.
 mail   IN CNAME www.uplooking.com.

[root@dba1 named]# host -t a mail.uplooking.com
mail.uplooking.com is an alias for www.uplooking.com.
www.uplooking.com has address 192.168.100.8

负载均衡：
www  IN A  192.168.100.9
www  IN A  192.168.100.10
www  IN A  192.168.100.11

MX记录：

uplooking.com.  IN MX 10  mail.uplooking.com.
uplooking.com.  IN MX 11  mail1.uplooking.com.

[root@dba1 named]# host -t mx uplooking.com
uplooking.com mail is handled by 11 mail1.uplooking.com.
uplooking.com mail is handled by 10 mail.uplooking.com.

本身没有dns区域配置文件，只缓存dns服务器
#vim named.conf
{
        forward only;
        forwarders 
                {
                192.168.100.250;
                192.168.100.61;
                };
};


客户端测试：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.224.128

本身有dns区域配置文件，加上forward之后就是转发服务器
转发器配置：
在options里面添加下面几行：
    recursion yes;         打开递归转发功能
    forward first;
    forwarders 
            {   
            192.168.100.88;
            192.168.100.99;
            };