MFC实现一元稀疏多项式运算器

MFC实现一元稀疏多项式运算器

首先看看效果图,下面一一介绍各个按钮的实现
1492082-20190608104423649-444788907.png

基本要求

  • 输入并建立两个多项式
  • 多项式a与b相加,建立和多项式c
  • 多项式a与b相减,建立差多项式d
  • 输出多项式a, b, c, d。输出格式:比如多项式a为:A(x)=c1xe1+ c2xe2+…+ cmxem,其中,ci和ei分别为第i项的系数和指数,且各项按指数的升幂排列,即0≤e1<e2<…<em

    功能已加强,这里我实现了输入可以不需要保持递增,输出依然递增有序,即加入了查找位置的函数。

    首先看一下我界面,较为粗糙,实现计算器界面(个人感觉手动输入更为方便,但实习的拓展要求是计算器的仿真界面Orz)

    这个可以自己添加一个头文件,用于多项式的类定义(下面的重载>> <<属于多余的,如果单纯C++控制台程序的可以应用,MFC工程可以直接忽略)。

#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
bool flag = 0;
struct Term
{
    double coef;//系数
    int exp;//指数
    Term* link;
    Term(double c, int e, Term* next = NULL)
    {
        coef = c; exp = e; link = next;
    }
    Term*InsertAfter(double c, int e);
    friend ostream& operator <<(ostream&, const Term&);
};
class Polynomial//多项式类定义
{

public:
    Term * first;
    friend ostream&operator<<(ostream&, const Polynomial&);
    friend istream&operator>>(istream&, Polynomial&);
    friend  Polynomial operator+(Polynomial&, Polynomial&);
    friend  Polynomial operator-(Polynomial&, Polynomial&);
    Polynomial() { first = new Term(0, -10000000); }//构造函数,建立空链表
    Polynomial(Polynomial&R);//复制构造函数
    int maxOrder();//计算最大阶数
    Term* find_place(int e);
    bool inser_order(double c, int e);
    Term*getHead()const { return first; };//取得单链表的头指针
                                          //~Polynomial();

};

Polynomial x, y;
Term* Term::InsertAfter(double c, int e)
{

    link = new Term(c, e, link);
    return link;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Term&x)
{
    if (x.coef == 0.0)return out;
    out << x.coef;
    switch (x.exp)
    {
    case 0:break;
    case 1:out << "X"; break;
    default:out << "X" << x.exp;
        break;
    }
    return out;
}
Polynomial::Polynomial(Polynomial&R)
{
    //复制构造函数
    first = new Term(0, -1);
    Term *destptrr = first, *srcptr = R.getHead()->link;
    while (srcptr != NULL)
    {
        destptrr->InsertAfter(srcptr->coef, srcptr->exp);
        srcptr = srcptr->link;
        destptrr = destptrr->link;
    }
}
int Polynomial::maxOrder()
{
    //升序排序计算最大阶数,即为最后一项
    Term*current = first;
    while (current->link != NULL)
    {
        current = current->link;
    }
    return current->exp;
}
//寻找需要插入的位置,由inser_order(double c, int e)调用
Term* Polynomial::find_place(int e)
{
    Term* current = first;
    while (current->link!=NULL&&current->link->exp<e)
    {
        current = current->link;
    }
    return current;
}
//插入,保持递增单链表
bool Polynomial::inser_order(double c, int e)
{
    Term*current = find_place(e);
    Term*temp=NULL;
//if (current == NULL) { AfxMessageBox(_T("插入出错!")); return false; }
    Term* newnode= new Term(c, e, temp);
    if (newnode == NULL) { AfxMessageBox(_T("插入出错!")); return false; }
    newnode->link = current->link;
    current->link = newnode;
    return true;
}
istream& operator>>(istream&in, Polynomial& x)
{
    //输入,尾插法建立多项式
    Term* rear = x.getHead(); double c; int e;
    while (true)
    {
        cout << "input a term(c,exp)" << endl;
        in >> c >> e;
        if (e < 0)break;
        rear = rear->InsertAfter(c, e);
    }
    return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Polynomial&x) {
    Term*current = x.getHead()->link;//头指针为空,不输出
    cout << "多项式:" << endl;
    bool h = true;
    while (current != NULL)
    {
        if (h == false && current->coef > 0)out << "+";
        h = false;
        out << *current;
        current = current->link;
    }
    out << endl;
    return out;
}
Polynomial operator+(Polynomial&A, Polynomial&B)
{
    Term*pa, *pb, *pc, *p; double temp;
    Polynomial C; pc = C.first;
    pa = A.getHead()->link; pb = B.getHead()->link;
    while (pa != NULL && pb != NULL)
    {
        if (pa->exp == pb->exp)
        {
            temp = pa->coef + pb->coef;
            if (fabs(temp) > 0.0001)
                pc = pc->InsertAfter(temp, pa->exp);
            pa = pa->link; pb = pb->link;
        }
        else if (pa->exp < pb->exp) {
            pc = pc->InsertAfter(pa->coef, pa->exp);
            pa = pa->link;
        }
        else {
            pc = pc->InsertAfter(pb->coef, pb->exp);
            pb = pb->link;
        }
    }
    if (pa != NULL)p = pa;
    else p = pb;
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        pc = pc->InsertAfter(p->coef, p->exp);
        p = p->link;
    }
    return C;
}
Polynomial operator-(Polynomial&A, Polynomial&B)
{
    Term*pa, *pb, *pc, *p; double temp;
    Polynomial C; pc = C.first;
    pa = A.getHead()->link; pb = B.getHead()->link;
    while (pa != NULL && pb != NULL)
    {
        if (pa->exp == pb->exp)
        {
            temp = pa->coef-pb->coef;
            if (fabs(temp) > 0.0001)
                pc = pc->InsertAfter(temp, pa->exp);
            pa = pa->link; pb = pb->link;
        }
        else if (pa->exp < pb->exp) {
            pc = pc->InsertAfter(pa->coef, pa->exp);
            pa = pa->link;
        }
        else {
            pc = pc->InsertAfter(pb->coef*(-1), pb->exp);
            pb = pb->link;
        }
    }
    bool flag = true;
    if (pa != NULL)p = pa;
    else {
        p = pb; flag = false;
    }
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        if(flag)
        pc = pc->InsertAfter(p->coef, p->exp);
        else    pc = pc->InsertAfter(p->coef*(-1), p->exp);
        p = p->link;
    }
    return C;
}

接下来实现计算器按钮的实现,下面是按钮1的相关代码,其他按钮类似

void CPolynomialDlg::OnBnClickedButton1()
{
    UpdateData(true);//写入
    CString str;
    mEdit.GetWindowTextW(str);//得到编辑框的文字
    str = str + _T("1");//CString后面加1
    mEdit.SetWindowTextW(str);//编辑框显示更新内容
    UpdateData(false);
    // TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码
}

接下来是切换多项式的代码,并且读入一个多项式。处理思路是一次读入系数和指数,采取后插法实现单链表的建立。这里用到CString到double和int的转化,需要注意的是,转double会出现一些后导0,影响美观,需要去掉。我处理的麻烦了点,在大佬那知道了这个函数CString.Delete(CString.Getlength()-1,1),就懒得改了。


void CPolynomialDlg::OnBnClickedButtonnext()
{
    CString str;
    CString temp, temp1, temp2, temp3;
    mEdit.GetWindowTextW(str);
    double c = 0; int e = 0;
    int j;  int i;
    //Term* rear;
    //if (flag) rear = y.getHead();
//  else rear = x.getHead();
    for (j = 0; j < str.GetLength(); j++)
    {
        temp = temp1 = temp2 = temp3 = "";
        if (str[j] == ' ')continue;
        c = 0; e = 0;
        while (str[j] != ' '&&j < str.GetLength()) { temp += str[j]; j++; }
        for (i = 0; i < temp.GetLength(); i++)
        {
            if (temp[i] != '.')temp1 += temp[i];
            else break;
        }
        c += _ttof(temp1);//CString转double
        i++;
        for (i; i < temp.GetLength(); i++)
            temp2 += temp[i];
        if(c<0)
        c -= _ttof(temp2) / pow(10, temp2.GetLength());
        else c += _ttof(temp2) / pow(10, temp2.GetLength());
         while(str[j]==' ')j++;
        while (str[j] != ' '&&j < str.GetLength()) { temp3 += str[j]; j++; }
        e = _ttoi(temp3);
        //输入,尾插法建立多项式
    //  if (flag)
    //rear = rear->InsertAfter(c, e);
        if (!flag)x.inser_order(c, e);
        else y.inser_order(c, e);
        //  rear->InsertAfter(c, e, y.first);
    //  else rear = rear->InsertAfter(c, e,x.first);
        //  else rear->InsertAfter(c, e, x.first);
    }
    if(!flag)
    AfxMessageBox(_T("第一个表达式建立完毕!"));
    else AfxMessageBox(_T("第二个表达式建立完毕!"));
    mEdit.SetWindowTextW(_T(""));
    flag = !flag;
    // TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码
}

关键就是计算函数了,也就是确定按钮,这里用到了下拉框选择操作,用index判断即可。最后作为CString输出也有点格式优化,大家可以看一下。

void CPolynomialDlg::OnBnClickedOk()
{
    // TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码
    //CDialogEx::OnOK();
    CString temp;
    int index = combox.GetCurSel();
    //combox.GetLBText(index, temp);
    CString str;
    
        Polynomial C;
        if (index == 0)
        C = x + y;
        else 
            C = x-y;
        Term*current = C.getHead()->link;//头指针为空,不输出
    //  cout << "多项式:" << endl;
        bool h = true;
        while (current != NULL)
        {
            if (h == false && current->coef > 0)str+='+';
            h = false;
            //str+= *current;
            if (current->coef == 0.0)
                continue;
            CString strr, str0;
            if (current->coef == 1.0&&current->exp!=0);
            else
            {
                
                strr.Format(_T("%3f"), current->coef);
                int len = strr.GetLength();
                int i;
                for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                {
               //小数点的处理
                    if (strr[i] == '0' || strr[i] == '.');
                    else break;
                }
                for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++)
                    str += strr[j];
            }
            switch (current->exp)//系数输出,0,1单独处理
            {
            case 0:break;
            case 1:str+="X"; break;
            default: {str += "X"; strr.Format(_T("%d"), current->exp); str += strr; }
                break;
            }
            current = current->link;
        }
        n_Edit.SetWindowTextW(str);
        
    
}

最后的就是释放空间的按钮,以便实现多次运算,这里偷了个懒,一个小程序,就没有delete了,最好还是顺着单链表delete。

    // CDialogEx::OnCancel();
    n_Edit.SetWindowTextW(_T(""));//编辑框的清空
      x.first = new Term(0, -1);
      y.first = new Term(0, -1);

欢迎大家纠正错误,需要完整代码可以联系

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