nginx服务器:
自理解:
nginx是一种分发式服务器,统一进入的接口,并将进入的用户进行指定性分发给不同服务器地址交互;
Nginx是一款轻量级的Web 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件（IMAP/POP3）代理服务器，在BSD-like 协议下发行。其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强，事实上nginx的并发能力在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好。并发能力: 50,000
京东,淘宝,12306,新浪等都在使用nginx相关服务器
安装nginx:
nginx可以独立安装在一台服务器--也可以和项目在同一个服务器。
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安装nginx的依赖插件
前提已安装阿里云插件
yum install -y gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
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下载nginx
nginx: download
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创建一个目录作为nginx的安装路径
mkdir /usr/nginx
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解压
tar -zxvf nginx-1.26.1.tar.gz
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进入解压后的目录
cd nginx-1.26.1
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指定nginx的安装路径
./configure --prefix=/usr/nginx
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编译和安装nginx
make install
启用nginx:
nginx目录结构
conf 配置目录
html 静态资源
logs 日志目录 (用于排错)
sbin 脚本目录(启动和关闭nginx)
启动nginx
./nginx 启动
./nginx -s stop 关闭
./nginx -s reload 重新加载配置文件
访问nginx 80
http://nginx所在的ip:nginx的端口/若无法连接注意端口放行
配置nginx:
.../nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
#工作的线程数
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
# 每个工作对象允许的连接数
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 81;
server_name localhost;
location /{
root static;
index main.html;
}
}
server {
#访问的端口号
listen 82;
server_name localhost;
location /{
# 代理的服务器地址
proxy_pass http://192.168.111.132:8080;
}
}
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80; # 监听的端口号
server_name localhost; # 监听的主机名.域名
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
# 资源/
location / {
root html; #根目录
index index.html main.html; # 资源
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
负载均衡(轮询制):
负载均衡（Load Balance [4]）其意思就是把请求分摊到多个操作单元上进行执行，例如Web服务器、FTP服务器、企业关键应用服务器和其它关键任务服务器等，从而共同完成工作任务。
web项目必须搭建的为集群模式。
启用springBoot项目/TomCat部署:
将springBoot项目打包放入Linux系统中;
端口号放行使用以下代码启动springBoot打包好的文件;
java -jar 文件名.jar
配置nginx:
.../nginx/conf/nginx.conf
upstream gzx{ server 172.16.7.17:8080; server 192.168.85.126:8080; } server { listen 82; server_name localhost; location /{ proxy_pass http://gzx; } }重新加载nginx配置文件:
.../nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
负载均衡(权重制):
权重策略: 服务器硬件配置不同时。
upstream gzx{ #通过使用weight=3设置比重,访问3次172才会访问1次192; server 172.16.7.17:8080 weight=3; server 192.168.85.126:8080 weight=1; } server { listen 82; server_name localhost; location /{ proxy_pass http://gzx; } }
负载均衡(IP制):
根据访问者客户的ip固定访问对应的web服务器。
upstream gzx{ server 172.16.7.17:8080; server 192.168.85.126:8080; #通过访问者IP固定其访问接口; ip_hash; } server { listen 82; server_name localhost; location /{ proxy_pass http://gzx; } }
动静分离:
动：动态资源[接口] 静:静态资源 [css js image]。
分离:
把静态资源放入nginx服务器下。动态资源web服务器下。作用: 不需要将不会改变的东西重复的从服务器调用至nginx在发送给客户;而是直接从nginx中发送给客户;
操作:
首先创建对应目录并将静态资源放入nginx中,
/nignx/static/js等目录下然后打开nginx配置文件
server{ listen 81; server_name localhost; location /{ proxy_pass http://使用静态资源的IP:端口; } location ~ \.js|.css|.jpg|....|.png$ { root static; } }
HA高可用搭建:
高可用的原理keepalived:
通过部署多个nginx服务器防止主服务器崩溃无法访问;设置备用服务器
| 服务器:132 |
| nginx服务器:88 |-> |----------------|
客户->虚拟IP->:|---------------------| | 服务器:133 |...| nginx服务器:89 |...
搭建方式:
安装keepalived
yum install -y keepalived
默认安装至/etc/keepalived下
修改
keepalived.conf配置文件主机:
global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc # ip的地址 smtp_ server 192.168.111.188 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id 192.168.111.188 } # 执行脚本 vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/usr/local/src/nginx_check.sh" interval 2 # 每2s执行一次该脚本 weight -20 # keepalive宕机 权重-20 优先级 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER # 角色 interface ens33 # 网卡名 virtual_router_id 51 # id 保证主从相同 priority 100 # 优先级 主节点大于从节点 advert_int 1 authentication { auth type PASS auth pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.50 # 虚拟ip. 使用逗号隔开 } track_script { chk_http_port # 追踪nginx脚本 } }备用机:
global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc # ip的地址 smtp_ server 192.168.111.189 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id 192.168.111.189 } # 执行脚本 vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/usr/local/src/nginx_check.sh" interval 2 # 每2s执行一次该脚本 weight -20 # keepalive宕机 权重-20 优先级 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP # 角色 interface ens33 # 网卡名 virtual_router_id 51 # id 保证主从相同 priority 90 # 优先级 主节点大于从节点 advert_int 1 authentication { auth type PASS auth pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.50 # 虚拟ip. 使用逗号隔开 } track_script { chk_http_port # 追踪nginx脚本 } }(上方配置文件内地址)放于/usr/local/src/nginx_check.sh
#!/bin/bash # 检查是否开启nginx---统计nginx进程的个数 A=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` if [ $A -eq 0 ];then pkill -9 keepalived fi解释文件:
A=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` if [ $A -eq 0 ];then #如果nginx没有启动就启动nginx /app/nginx/sbin/nginx #重启nginx if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then #nginx重启失败，则停掉keepalived服务，进行VIP转移 pkill keepalived fi fi修改权限: chmod 777 nginx_check.sh
启动:
.../nginx/sbin/nginx
keepalived systemctl start|stop keepalived
访问时直接访问虚拟地址即可
yum卸载
yum remove keepalived
删除相关文件
find / -name keepalived
/etc/selinux/targeted/tmp/modules/100/keepalived
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/keepalived
rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/tmp/modules/100/keepalived
rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/keepalived
卸载keeplived工作路径
cd /home/hd/keepalived-1.2.18
make uninstall
删除相关文件
查看相关文件: find / -name keepalived
删除相关文件
rm -rf /run/lock/subsys/keepalived rm -rf /etc/keepalived rm -rf /etc/sysconfig/keepalived rm -rf /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived rm -rf /usr/sbin/keepalived rm -rf /usr/local/keepalived rm -rf /home/hd/keepalived-1.2.18/keepalived rm -rf /home/hd/keepalived-1.2.18/keepalived/etc/keepalived rm -rf /home/hd/keepalived-1.2.18/bin/keepalived
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