本文均属自己阅读源码的点滴总结,转账请注明出处谢谢。
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2.I2C之设备驱动开发
在I2C的驱动开发中,另一块主要内容是设备的驱动开发。在这里以tlv320ai23.c来分析主要的驱动架构。在前面的博文中,主要介绍了I2C驱动开发下的总线开发架构,这里主要介绍相关的设备驱动开发。和之前的Bus驱动不同,设备驱动的开发主要由
结构体i2c_client和i2c_driver够成,以下是两个结构体的具体内容
struct i2c_client {
int id;
unsigned int flags; /* div., see below */
unsigned int addr; /* chip address - NOTE: 7bit */
/* addresses are stored in the */
/* _LOWER_ 7 bits of this char */
/* addr: unsigned int to make lm_sensors i2c-isa adapter work
more cleanly. It does not take any more memory space, due to
alignment considerations */
struct i2c_adapter *adapter; /* the adapter we sit on */
struct i2c_driver *driver; /* and our access routines */
int usage_count; /* How many accesses currently */
/* to the client */
struct device dev; /* the device structure */
struct list_head list;
char name[I2C_NAME_SIZE];
struct completion released;
};
struct i2c_driver {
struct module *owner;
char name[32];
int id;
unsigned int class;
unsigned int flags; /* div., see below */
/* Notifies the driver that a new bus has appeared. This routine
* can be used by the driver to test if the bus meets its conditions
* & seek for the presence of the chip(s) it supports. If found, it
* registers the client(s) that are on the bus to the i2c admin. via
* i2c_attach_client.
*/
int (*attach_adapter)(struct i2c_adapter *);
int (*detach_adapter)(struct i2c_adapter *);
/* tells the driver that a client is about to be deleted & gives it
* the chance to remove its private data. Also, if the client struct
* has been dynamically allocated by the driver in the function above,
* it must be freed here.
*/
int (*detach_client)(struct i2c_client *);
/* a ioctl like command that can be used to perform specific functions
* with the device.
*/
int (*command)(struct i2c_client *client,unsigned int cmd, void *arg);
struct device_driver driver;
struct list_head list;
};
在aic23_i2c_init这个模块初始化函数中
aic23_i2c_init(void)
{
int err;
struct i2c_driver *driver = &aic23_i2c_dev.driver;
driver->owner = THIS_MODULE;
strlcpy(driver->name, "Audio Codec I2C driver", sizeof(driver->name));
driver->id = I2C_DRIVERID_EXP0;
driver->flags = I2C_DF_NOTIFY;
driver->attach_adapter = aic23_i2c_probe_adapter; //依附于适配器的探针
driver->detach_client = aic23_i2c_detach_client;
err = i2c_add_driver(driver); //驱动的注册
if (err) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to register Audio Codec I2C client.\n");
return err;
}
return 0;
}
我们可以看到,围绕结构体static struct aic23_i2c_param aic23_i2c_dev(存储着设备的i2c_driver和i2c_client)这个全局变量
完成对i2c_driver实例对象driver的初始化,核心在于设置连接适配器的指针函数aic23_i2c_probe_adapter。
调用i2c_add_driver完成driver驱动的注册,内容如下所示:
int i2c_add_driver(struct i2c_driver *driver)
{
struct list_head *item;
struct i2c_adapter *adapter;
int res = 0;
down(&core_lists);
/* add the driver to the list of i2c drivers in the driver core */
driver->driver.name = driver->name;
driver->driver.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
driver->driver.probe = i2c_device_probe;
driver->driver.remove = i2c_device_remove;
res = driver_register(&driver->driver);
if (res)
goto out_unlock;
list_add_tail(&driver->list,&drivers);
pr_debug("i2c-core: driver %s registered.\n", driver->name);
/* now look for instances of driver on our adapters */
if (driver->flags & I2C_DF_NOTIFY) {
list_for_each(item,&adapters) {
adapter = list_entry(item, struct i2c_adapter, list);
driver->attach_adapter(adapter); //遍历已经注册的I2C适配器,做连接
}
}
在这里遍历前,其实我们已经完成了I2C总线的驱动(注意:为何总线驱动模块比设备驱动模块先加载,因为在这里我们可以看到subsys_initcall(i2c_davinci_init);不是像我们常见的module_init,因为该宏的定义执行优先级比module_init高很多,一个是4一个是6,简单的说在编译时生成的init.text段中前者排在较前面,=,由编译器通过优先级决定,在系统启动初始化调用时,再前面的模块想当然会先被执行加载)
因此这里我们可以获得内核总已经存在的i2c_adapter这个适配器实例,随后调用适配器连接函数driver->attach_adapter = aic23_i2c_probe_adapter; 内容如下:
static int
aic23_i2c_attach_client(struct i2c_adapter *adap, int addr) //芯片地址0x1A
{
struct aic23_i2c_param *aic23_i2c_if = &aic23_i2c_dev;
struct i2c_client *client = &aic23_i2c_if->client;
int err;
if (client->adapter) //I2C客服端不存在适配器,则先初始化客服端信息
return -EBUSY; /* our client is already attached */
client->addr = addr; //0x1A
client->flags = I2C_CLIENT_ALLOW_USE; //允许客户端
client->driver = &aic23_i2c_if->driver; //aic23_i2c_dev中的driver初始化
client->adapter = adap; //填充设备的相关信息
err = i2c_attach_client(client); //将客户端设备添加到适配器列表中并完成设备的注册
if (err) {
client->adapter = NULL;
return err;
}
return 0;
}
该函数的核心内容就是讲i2c_client实例的处理(实际为一个I2C设备),完成对该实例的初始化,包括设备自检的地址,设备对应的驱动,已经设备需要连接的适配器,随后调用i2c_attach_client完成设备的注册,内容如下:
int i2c_attach_client(struct i2c_client *client)
{
struct i2c_adapter *adapter = client->adapter;
down(&adapter->clist_lock);
if (__i2c_check_addr(client->adapter, client->addr)) { //client->addr=0x1a,查看是否已经存在该客服端地址
up(&adapter->clist_lock);
return -EBUSY;
}
list_add_tail(&client->list,&adapter->clients); //把新的客户端添加到适配器clinets链表中
up(&adapter->clist_lock);
if (adapter->client_register) {
if (adapter->client_register(client)) {
dev_warn(&adapter->dev, "warning: client_register "
"seems to have failed for client %02x\n",
client->addr);
}
}
dev_dbg(&adapter->dev, "client [%s] registered to adapter\n",
client->name);
if (client->flags & I2C_CLIENT_ALLOW_USE)
client->usage_count = 0;
client->dev.parent = &client->adapter->dev;
client->dev.driver = &client->driver->driver;
client->dev.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
client->dev.release = &i2c_client_release;
snprintf(&client->dev.bus_id[0], sizeof(client->dev.bus_id),
"%d-%04x", i2c_adapter_id(adapter), client->addr);
pr_debug("registering %s\n", client->dev.bus_id);
device_register(&client->dev); //客户端设备完成注册
device_create_file(&client->dev, &dev_attr_client_name); //客户端设备文件节点
return 0;
}
首先使用__i2c_check_addr
static int __i2c_check_addr(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, unsigned int addr)
{
struct list_head *item;
struct i2c_client *client;
list_for_each(item,&adapter->clients) { //遍历clients链表头
client = list_entry(item, struct i2c_client, list);
if (client->addr == addr) //该适配器下的已经存在该地址的设备,返回一个负值
return -EBUSY;
}
return 0;
}
遍历适配器的client链表,查找已经连接到适配器上的i2_client,即判断该地址的设备是否已经加入到适配器的链表中去,如果没有则通过
list_add_tail家i2c_clinet的链表数据加入到适配器i2c_adapter的链表头中,完成设备向适配器的加载。
最后通过device_register完成i2c_client设备的注册和文件设备节点的创建。
在完成以上的操作之后,就剩下对设备的控制包括读和写
aic23_i2c_read_reg(u8 reg, u8 *val)
{
int err;
struct i2c_client *client = &aic23_i2c_dev.client;
struct i2c_msg msg[1];
unsigned char data[1];
if (!client->adapter)
return -ENODEV;
/*Rishi*/
data[0]=reg;
msg->addr = client->addr;
msg->flags = 0;
msg->len = 1;
msg->buf = data;
/*Rishi*/
//*data = reg;
err = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 1);
if (err >= 0) {
msg->flags = I2C_M_RD;
err = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 1);
}
if (err >= 0) {
*val = *data;
return 0;
}
return err;
}
static int aic23_i2c_write_reg(u8 reg, u8 val)
{
int err;
struct i2c_client *client = &aic23_i2c_dev.client;
struct i2c_msg msg[1];
unsigned char data[2];
if (!client->adapter)
return -ENODEV;
msg->addr = client->addr;
msg->flags = 0;
msg->len = 2;
msg->buf = data;
data[0] = (reg<<1)|(val>>8);
data[1] = val;
err = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 1);
//printk(KERN_INFO "i2c write: error = %d\n", err);
if (err >= 0)
return 0;
else
printk(KERN_INFO "i2c write: error = %d\n", err);
return err;
}
完成相关需要传输的信息的初始化内容,调用client对应的适配器完成数据的传输
i2c_transfer-->ret = adap->algo->master_xfer(adap,msgs,num);此后内容进入到总线驱动这一块,包括数据的读和写。详细内容请看前面的总线驱动。
i2c_transferi2c_transferi2c_transfer