c++ primer plus第12章编程题2

c++primer plus第六版
String.h:

#include <iostream>
class String
{
private:
    char* str;
    int len;
    static int num_strings;
    static const int LIMITE = 40;
    static const char temp;
public:
    String();//默认构造函数
    String(const String&);//用对象初始化
    String(const char*);//用字符串初始化
    String(std::string s);
    friend bool operator>(const String& st1, const String& st2);//比较两个字符串大小
    friend bool operator<(const String& st1, const String& st2);//比较两个字符串大小
    friend bool operator==(const String& st1, const String& st2);//比较是否相等
    String& operator=(const String st)
    {
        if (this == &st)
            return *this;
        delete[] str;
        len = st.len;
        str = new char[len + 1];
        strcpy_s(str, len + 1, st.str);
        return *this;
    }

    String& operator=(const char* s)
    {
        delete[] str;
        len = strlen(s);
        str = new char[len + 1];
        strcpy_s(str, len + 1, s);
        return *this;
    }

    String& operator =(char* s)
    {
        delete[] str;
        len = strlen(s);
        str = new char[len + 1];
        strcpy_s(str, len + 1, s);
        return *this;
    }
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, String& st)//用于输出
    {
        os << st.str;
        return os;
    }
    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& os, String& st)//输入
    {
        char temp[String::LIMITE];
        os.get(temp, String::LIMITE);
        if (os)
            st = temp;
        while (os && os.get() != '\n')
            continue;
        return os;
    }
    void Stringlow();
    void Stringup();
    friend char* operator+(const char* s,String& st)
    {
        char* temp;
        temp = new char[st.len + strlen(s) + 1];
        strcpy_s(temp, strlen(s) + 1, s);
        strcat_s(temp, st.len + strlen(s) + 1, st.str);
        return temp;
    }
    friend char* operator+(String& st, const char* s)
    {
        char* temp;
        temp = new char[st.len + strlen(s) + 1];
        strcpy_s(temp, st.len + 1, st.str);
        strcat_s(temp, st.len + strlen(s) + 1, s);
        return temp;
    }

    char* operator+(String& s)
    {
        char* temp;
        temp = new char[len + s.len + 1];
        strcpy_s(temp, len + 1, str);
        strcat_s(temp, len + s.len + 1, s.str);
        return temp;
    }
    
    char& operator[](int i)
    {
        return str[i];
    }
    const char& operator[](int i)const
    {
        return str[i];
    }
    static int HowMany();//展示此时存在的对象数量
    int has(char s);//展示该字符串中存在的某个字符数量
    ~String();
};

main.cpp:

// ConsoleApplication1.cpp : 此文件包含 "main" 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
//
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include "String.h"
int String::num_strings = 0;
String::String()
{
    str = new char[1];
    str[0] = '\0';
    len = 0;
    num_strings++;
}

int String::HowMany()
{
    return num_strings;
}


String::String(const char *s)
{
    len = strlen(s);
    str = new char[len+1];
    strcpy_s(str,len+1, s);
    num_strings++;
}

String::String(const String& s)
{
    len = strlen(s.str);
    str = new char[len + 1];
    strcpy_s(str, len + 1, s.str);
    num_strings++;
}

bool operator==(const String& st1, const String& st2)
{
    return(strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) == 0);
}

bool operator>(const String& st1, const String& st2)
{
    return (strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) > 0);
}

bool operator<(const String& st1, const String& st2)
{
    return (strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) < 0);
}

String::~String()
{
    delete[] str;
    --num_strings;
}

void String::Stringlow()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        if (str[i] <= 'Z' && str[i] >= 'A')
            str[i] = str[i] - ('A' - 'a');
    }
}

void String::Stringup()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        if (str[i] <= 'z' && str[i] >= 'a')
            str[i] = str[i] + ('A' - 'a');
    }
}

int String::has(char s)
{
    int res = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        if (str[i] == s)
            res++;
    }
    return res;
}

int main()
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::cin;
    String s1(" and I am a C++ student.");
    String s2 = "Please enter your name: ";
    String s3;
    cout << s2;
    cin >> s3;
    s2 = "My name is " + s3;
    cout << s2 << ".\n";
    s2 = s2 + s1;
    s2.Stringup();
    cout << "The string\n" << s2 << "\ncontains " << s2.has('A') << " 'A' characters in it\n";
    s1 = "red";
    String rgb[3] = { String(s1),String("green"),String("blue") };
    cout << "Enter the name of a primary color for mixing light: ";
    String ans;
    bool success = false;
    while (cin >> ans)
    {
        ans.Stringlow();
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        {
            if (ans == rgb[i])
            {
                cout << "That's right!\n";
                success = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (success)
            break;
        else
            cout << "Try again!\n";
    }
    cout << "Bye\n";
    return 0;
}