SSM框架(Spring、Spring MVC、MyBatis)是Java Web开发中最常用的技术栈之一。本文将详细介绍如何通过XML和注解的方式整合SSM框架,包括搭建整合环境、配置Maven工程、创建数据库表、编写实体类和业务接口、配置Spring、Spring MVC和MyBatis,以及使用Druid连接池。
## 一、环境搭建
### 1. 安装JDK和Maven
确保你的系统中安装了JDK(建议使用Java 8或以上版本)和Maven。可以通过命令行检查安装情况:
```bash
java -version
mvn -version
```
### 2. 下载IDE
推荐使用IntelliJ IDEA或Eclipse作为开发环境。确保安装Java和Maven插件。
## 二、配置Maven工程
### 1. 创建Maven项目
在IDE中创建一个新的Maven项目,选择合适的Group ID和Artifact ID,比如:
- **Group ID**: `com.example`
- **Artifact ID**: `ssm_example`
### 2. 修改`pom.xml`
在项目的`pom.xml`文件中添加以下依赖,确保使用最新的版本(可根据实际情况进行调整):
```xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>ssm_example</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.3.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.3.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MyBatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.25</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JUnit for Testing -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
```
### 3. 更新Maven依赖
在IDE中右键点击项目,选择“更新Maven项目”以下载所需的依赖。
## 三、创建数据库表
使用MySQL创建一个简单的用户表。可以使用任何数据库客户端(如MySQL Workbench)执行以下SQL脚本:
```sql
CREATE DATABASE ssm_example;
USE ssm_example;
CREATE TABLE user (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
password VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);
```
确保你已经在MySQL中创建了数据库`ssm_example`。
## 四、编写实体类和业务接口
### 1. 实体类
在`src/main/java/com/example/model`目录下创建`User`类:
```java
package com.example.model;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
// Getters and Setters
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
```
### 2. 业务接口
在`src/main/java/com/example/dao`目录下创建`UserDao`接口:
```java
package com.example.dao;
import com.example.model.User;
public interface UserDao {
User getUserById(Integer id);
void insertUser(User user);
}
```
## 五、配置Spring与MyBatis
### 1. Spring配置文件
在`src/main/resources`目录下创建`applicationContext.xml`,用于配置Spring的上下文:
```xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example" />
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_example?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="your_password"/>
<property name="initialSize" value="5"/>
<property name="minIdle" value="5"/>
<property name="maxActive" value="20"/>
<property name="maxWait" value="60000"/>
</bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
</bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionTemplate" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
<constructor-arg ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.example.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sqlSessionTemplate" ref="sqlSessionTemplate"/>
</bean>
</beans>
```
### 2. MyBatis配置文件
在`src/main/resources`目录下创建`mybatis-config.xml`,用于MyBatis的全局配置:
```xml
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
```
### 3. 实现UserDao接口
在`src/main/java/com/example/dao`目录下创建`UserDaoImpl`类,具体实现UserDao接口:
```java
package com.example.dao;
import com.example.model.User;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
private SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate;
public void setSqlSessionTemplate(SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate) {
this.sqlSessionTemplate = sqlSessionTemplate;
}
@Override
public User getUserById(Integer id) {
return sqlSessionTemplate.selectOne("com.example.dao.UserDao.getUserById", id);
}
@Override
public void insertUser(User user) {
sqlSessionTemplate.insert("com.example.dao.UserDao.insertUser", user);
}
}
```
### 4. 编写Mapper XML
为了支持MyBatis的SQL映射,创建一个Mapper XML文件。在`src/main/resources`目录下创建`UserDao.xml`:
```xml
<mapper namespace="com.example.dao.UserDao">
<select id="getUserById" resultType="com.example.model.User">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = #{id}
</select>
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="com.example.model.User">
INSERT INTO user (username, password) VALUES (#{username}, #{password})
</insert>
</mapper>
```
## 六、配置Spring MVC
### 1. Spring MVC配置文件
在`src/main/resources`
目录下创建`spring-mvc.xml`,用于配置Spring MVC的上下文:
```xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
```
### 2. 创建Controller
在`src/main/java/com/example/controller`目录下创建`UserController`类,负责处理用户请求:
```java
package com.example.controller;
import com.example.model.User;
import com.example.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getUser(Integer id, Model model) {
User user = userDao.getUserById(id);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "user"; // 返回的视图名
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/user/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String addUser(User user) {
userDao.insertUser(user);
return "redirect:/user?id=" + user.getId(); // 重定向到用户详情
}
}
```
## 七、使用Druid连接池
Druid连接池已在Spring配置文件中进行配置。以下是一些重要的配置参数说明:
- **initialSize**: 初始化时建立物理连接的个数。
- **minIdle**: 最小空闲连接数。
- **maxActive**: 最大连接数。
- **maxWait**: 获取连接时最大等待时间(单位:毫秒)。
可以根据实际应用需求对这些参数进行调整。
## 八、启动项目
### 1. 配置web.xml
在`src/main/webapp/WEB-INF`目录下创建`web.xml`,用于配置Servlet和Spring上下文:
```xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
```
### 2. 创建JSP页面
在`src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views`目录下创建`user.jsp`页面,用于显示用户信息:
```jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>User Details</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>User Details</h1>
<% if (user != null) { %>
<p>ID: ${user.id}</p>
<p>Username: ${user.username}</p>
<% } else { %>
<p>User not found.</p>
<% } %>
</body>
</html>