Android提高十六篇之使用NDK把彩图转换灰度图

本文来自http://blog.csdn.net/hellogv/ ，引用必须注明出处！

       在Android上使用JAVA实现彩图转换为灰度图，跟J2ME上的实现类似，不过遇到频繁地转换或者是大图转换时，就必须使用NDK来提高速度了。本文主要通过JAVA和NDK这两种方式来分别实现彩图转换为灰度图，并给出速度的对比。

先来简单地介绍一下Android的NDK使用步骤：

以NDK r4为例，或许以后新版的NDK的使用方法略有不同。
1、下载支持C++的android-ndk-r4-crystax，支持C++的话可玩性更强......
2、下载cygwin，选择ftp://mirrors.kernel.org这个镜像，搜索  Devel Install 安装 gcc 和 make 等工具；

在搜索框里分别搜索gcc和make，必须是 Devel Install 栏的。

3、Cygwin安装目录下，找到home/username的目录下的.bash_profile文件，打开文件在最后加上：
    NDK=/cygdrive/d:cygwin/android-ndk-r4-crystax
   export NDK
PS：假设安装在D:/cygwin/android-ndk-r4-crystax。
4、运行cygwin，通过cd命令去到NDK/samples/例子目录/，运行$NDK/ndk-build来编译该目录下的Android.mk

以下是个人习惯.......
5、安装Eclipse的CDT，官方下载cdt安装包，解压缩后把plugins和feagures 复制覆盖到eclipse文件夹下即可
6、去到系统属性->环境变量->Path添加"D:/cygwin/bin"（假设cygwin安装在D:下）和"D:/cygwin/android-ndk-r4-crystax"，重启计算机，然后就可以在Eclipse里面建立基于cygwin的C/C++工程了，先通过这一步来验证NDK的程序能够编译成功，然后再通过第4步来生成SO文件。

接下来看看本文程序运行的效果：

从转换灰度图的耗时来说，NDK的确比JAVA所用的时间短不少。

main.xml源码如下：

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  
2. - <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> 
3.   <Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:id="@+id/btnJAVA" android:text="使用JAVA转换灰度图" />  
4.   <Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:id="@+id/btnNDK" android:text="使用NDK转换灰度图" />  
5.   <ImageView android:id="@+id/ImageView01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" />  
6.   </LinearLayout> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> - <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:id="@+id/btnJAVA" android:text="使用JAVA转换灰度图" /> <Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:id="@+id/btnNDK" android:text="使用NDK转换灰度图" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/ImageView01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" /> </LinearLayout>

主程序testToGray.java的源码如下：

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1. package com.testToGray; 
2. import android.app.Activity; 
3. import android.graphics.Bitmap; 
4. import android.graphics.Bitmap.Config; 
5. import android.graphics.drawable.BitmapDrawable; 
6. import android.os.Bundle; 
7. import android.view.View; 
8. import android.widget.Button; 
9. import android.widget.ImageView; 
10. public class testToGray extends Activity { 
11.     /** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
12.     Button btnJAVA,btnNDK; 
13.     ImageView imgView; 
14.     @Override 
15.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
16.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
17.         setContentView(R.layout.main); 
18.         this.setTitle("使用NDK转换灰度图---hellogv"); 
19.         btnJAVA=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnJAVA); 
20.         btnJAVA.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); 
21.          
22.         btnNDK=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnNDK); 
23.         btnNDK.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); 
24.         imgView=(ImageView)this.findViewById(R.id.ImageView01); 
25.     } 
26.     class ClickEvent implements View.OnClickListener{ 
27.         @Override 
28.         public void onClick(View v) { 
29.             if(v==btnJAVA) 
30.             { 
31.                 long current=System.currentTimeMillis(); 
32.                 Bitmap img=ConvertGrayImg(R.drawable.cat); 
33.                 long performance=System.currentTimeMillis()-current; 
34.                 //显示灰度图 
35.                 imgView.setImageBitmap(img); 
36.                 testToGray.this.setTitle("w:"+String.valueOf(img.getWidth())+",h:"+String.valueOf(img.getHeight()) 
37.                         +" JAVA耗时 "+String.valueOf(performance)+" 毫秒"); 
38.             } 
39.             else if(v==btnNDK) 
40.             { 
41.                 long current=System.currentTimeMillis(); 
42.                  
43.                 //先打开图像并读取像素 
44.                 Bitmap img1=((BitmapDrawable) getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.cat)).getBitmap(); 
45.                 int w=img1.getWidth(),h=img1.getHeight(); 
46.                 int[] pix = new int[w * h]; 
47.                 img1.getPixels(pix, 0, w, 0, 0, w, h); 
48.                 //通过ImgToGray.so把彩色像素转为灰度像素 
49.                 int[] resultInt=LibFuns.ImgToGray(pix, w, h); 
50.                 Bitmap resultImg=Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, Config.RGB_565); 
51.                 resultImg.setPixels(resultInt, 0, w, 0, 0,w, h); 
52.                 long performance=System.currentTimeMillis()-current; 
53.                 //显示灰度图 
54.                 imgView.setImageBitmap(resultImg); 
55.                 testToGray.this.setTitle("w:"+String.valueOf(img1.getWidth())+",h:"+String.valueOf(img1.getHeight()) 
56.                         +" NDK耗时 "+String.valueOf(performance)+" 毫秒"); 
57.             } 
58.         } 
59.     } 
60.      
61.     /**
62.      * 把资源图片转为灰度图
63.      * @param resID 资源ID
64.      * @return
65.      */ 
66.     public Bitmap ConvertGrayImg(int resID) 
67.     { 
68.         Bitmap img1=((BitmapDrawable) getResources().getDrawable(resID)).getBitmap(); 
69.          
70.         int w=img1.getWidth(),h=img1.getHeight(); 
71.         int[] pix = new int[w * h]; 
72.         img1.getPixels(pix, 0, w, 0, 0, w, h); 
73.          
74.         int alpha=0xFF<<24; 
75.         for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) {   
76.             for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) {   
77.                 // 获得像素的颜色   
78.                 int color = pix[w * i + j];   
79.                 int red = ((color & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);   
80.                 int green = ((color & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);   
81.                 int blue = color & 0x000000FF;   
82.                 color = (red + green + blue)/3;   
83.                 color = alpha | (color << 16) | (color << 8) | color;   
84.                 pix[w * i + j] = color; 
85.             } 
86.         } 
87.         Bitmap result=Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, Config.RGB_565); 
88.         result.setPixels(pix, 0, w, 0, 0,w, h); 
89.         return result; 
90.     } 
91. } 

package com.testToGray; import android.app.Activity; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.Bitmap.Config; import android.graphics.drawable.BitmapDrawable; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ImageView; public class testToGray extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ Button btnJAVA,btnNDK; ImageView imgView; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); this.setTitle("使用NDK转换灰度图---hellogv"); btnJAVA=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnJAVA); btnJAVA.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); btnNDK=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnNDK); btnNDK.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); imgView=(ImageView)this.findViewById(R.id.ImageView01); } class ClickEvent implements View.OnClickListener{ @Override public void onClick(View v) { if(v==btnJAVA) { long current=System.currentTimeMillis(); Bitmap img=ConvertGrayImg(R.drawable.cat); long performance=System.currentTimeMillis()-current; //显示灰度图 imgView.setImageBitmap(img); testToGray.this.setTitle("w:"+String.valueOf(img.getWidth())+",h:"+String.valueOf(img.getHeight()) +" JAVA耗时 "+String.valueOf(performance)+" 毫秒"); } else if(v==btnNDK) { long current=System.currentTimeMillis(); //先打开图像并读取像素 Bitmap img1=((BitmapDrawable) getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.cat)).getBitmap(); int w=img1.getWidth(),h=img1.getHeight(); int[] pix = new int[w * h]; img1.getPixels(pix, 0, w, 0, 0, w, h); //通过ImgToGray.so把彩色像素转为灰度像素 int[] resultInt=LibFuns.ImgToGray(pix, w, h); Bitmap resultImg=Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, Config.RGB_565); resultImg.setPixels(resultInt, 0, w, 0, 0,w, h); long performance=System.currentTimeMillis()-current; //显示灰度图 imgView.setImageBitmap(resultImg); testToGray.this.setTitle("w:"+String.valueOf(img1.getWidth())+",h:"+String.valueOf(img1.getHeight()) +" NDK耗时 "+String.valueOf(performance)+" 毫秒"); } } } /** * 把资源图片转为灰度图 * @param resID 资源ID * @return */ public Bitmap ConvertGrayImg(int resID) { Bitmap img1=((BitmapDrawable) getResources().getDrawable(resID)).getBitmap(); int w=img1.getWidth(),h=img1.getHeight(); int[] pix = new int[w * h]; img1.getPixels(pix, 0, w, 0, 0, w, h); int alpha=0xFF<<24; for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) { // 获得像素的颜色 int color = pix[w * i + j]; int red = ((color & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); int green = ((color & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); int blue = color & 0x000000FF; color = (red + green + blue)/3; color = alpha | (color << 16) | (color << 8) | color; pix[w * i + j] = color; } } Bitmap result=Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, Config.RGB_565); result.setPixels(pix, 0, w, 0, 0,w, h); return result; } }

封装NDK函数的JAVA类LibFuns.java的源码如下：

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1. package com.testToGray; 
2. public class LibFuns { 
3.     static { 
4.         System.loadLibrary("ImgToGray"); 
5.     } 
6.    /**
7.     * @param width the current view width
8.     * @param height the current view height
9.     */ 
10.      
11.     public static native int[] ImgToGray(int[] buf, int w, int h); 
12. } 

package com.testToGray; public class LibFuns { static { System.loadLibrary("ImgToGray"); } /** * @param width the current view width * @param height the current view height */ public static native int[] ImgToGray(int[] buf, int w, int h); }

彩图转换为灰度图的ImgToGray.cpp源码:

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1. #include <jni.h> 
2. #include <stdio.h> 
3. #include <stdlib.h> 
4. extern "C" { 
5. JNIEXPORT jintArray JNICALL Java_com_testToGray_LibFuns_ImgToGray( 
6.         JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jintArray buf, int w, int h); 
7. } 
8. ; 
9. JNIEXPORT jintArray JNICALL Java_com_testToGray_LibFuns_ImgToGray( 
10.         JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jintArray buf, int w, int h) { 
11.     jint *cbuf; 
12.     cbuf = env->GetIntArrayElements(buf, false); 
13.     if (cbuf == NULL) { 
14.         return 0; /* exception occurred */ 
15.     } 
16.     int alpha = 0xFF << 24; 
17.     for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) { 
18.         for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) { 
19.             // 获得像素的颜色 
20.             int color = cbuf[w * i + j]; 
21.             int red = ((color & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); 
22.             int green = ((color & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); 
23.             int blue = color & 0x000000FF; 
24.             color = (red + green + blue) / 3; 
25.             color = alpha | (color << 16) | (color << 8) | color; 
26.             cbuf[w * i + j] = color; 
27.         } 
28.     } 
29.     int size=w * h; 
30.     jintArray result = env->NewIntArray(size); 
31.     env->SetIntArrayRegion(result, 0, size, cbuf); 
32.     env->ReleaseIntArrayElements(buf, cbuf, 0); 
33.     return result; 
34. } 

#include <jni.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> extern "C" { JNIEXPORT jintArray JNICALL Java_com_testToGray_LibFuns_ImgToGray( JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jintArray buf, int w, int h); } ; JNIEXPORT jintArray JNICALL Java_com_testToGray_LibFuns_ImgToGray( JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jintArray buf, int w, int h) { jint *cbuf; cbuf = env->GetIntArrayElements(buf, false); if (cbuf == NULL) { return 0; /* exception occurred */ } int alpha = 0xFF << 24; for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) { // 获得像素的颜色 int color = cbuf[w * i + j]; int red = ((color & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); int green = ((color & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); int blue = color & 0x000000FF; color = (red + green + blue) / 3; color = alpha | (color << 16) | (color << 8) | color; cbuf[w * i + j] = color; } } int size=w * h; jintArray result = env->NewIntArray(size); env->SetIntArrayRegion(result, 0, size, cbuf); env->ReleaseIntArrayElements(buf, cbuf, 0); return result; }

Android.mk的源码：

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1. LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir) 
2. include $(CLEAR_VARS) 
3. LOCAL_MODULE    := ImgToGray 
4. LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ImgToGray.cpp 
5. include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)