读源码,学代码。今天开始了解Tomcat源码,首先需要尝试把Tomcat源码部署到IDEA,并进行mvn编译以及启动Tomcat。步骤如下:
编译Tomcat10源码:
1.去Tomcat官网下载最新的源码包(version:10.0.4):https://tomcat.apache.org/download-10.cgi
2.本地解压后,通过IDEA,File->open打开解压目录:
3.Tomcat源码并非maven项目结构,但可以通过pom指定java代码目录(无需按照src/main结构来),项目目录下创建pom.xml文件,并网上搜索到tomcat版本9的pom依赖,几次编译报错解决后,版本10.0.4的pom依赖如下(特别说明,红色标记的jakartaee-migration模块(未发布到maven repository)需要git clone到本地,再mvn install来部署解决tomcat源码的编译问题)
// git clone jakartaee项目
git clone git@github.com:apache/tomcat-jakartaee-migration.git
// clone后,本地mvn clean install,可能会报错如下两条:
1.[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-antrun-plugin:3.0.0:run (create-test-jars) on project jakartaee-migration: An Ant BuildException has occured: /Users/david/Documents/learning/tomcat-jakartaee-migration/target/test-classes does not exist.
2.[ERROR] around Ant part ...<signjar storepass="apache" alias="rsa" jar="target/test-classes/hellocgi-signed-rsa.jar" keystore="src/test/resources/keystore.p12" />... @ 13:144 in /Users/david/Documents/learning/tomcat-jakartaee-migration/target/antrun/build-main.xml
解决办法:
1. target下创建test-classes后,mvn install再编译
2. vi pom.xml,删除其中<parallel>...</parallel>标签以及其中的部分。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.github.sources</groupId> <artifactId>source-tomcat</artifactId> <version>10.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>source-tomcat</name> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.easymock</groupId> <artifactId>easymock</artifactId> <version>3.5.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.ant</groupId> <artifactId>ant</artifactId> <version>1.10.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>wsdl4j</groupId> <artifactId>wsdl4j</artifactId> <version>1.6.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.xml</groupId> <artifactId>jaxrpc</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.eclipse.jdt</groupId> <artifactId>org.eclipse.jdt.core</artifactId> <version>3.25.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler</groupId> <artifactId>ecj</artifactId> <version>4.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> <artifactId>jakartaee-migration</artifactId> <version>0.2.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>biz.aQute.bnd</groupId> <artifactId>biz.aQute.bndlib</artifactId> <version>5.2.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>Tomcat10.0</finalName> <sourceDirectory>java</sourceDirectory> <testSourceDirectory>test</testSourceDirectory> <resources> <resource> <directory>java</directory> </resource> </resources> <testResources> <testResource> <directory>test</directory> </testResource> </testResources> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.6.1</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
4. 对创建的pom.xml文件右键,选择"+ Add as maven project", 如下图通过IDEA左下角的菜单栏点击Maven,右侧即可看到tomcat源码项目被添加为maven项目。
点击clean和compile,IDEA maven编译即可成功:
IDEA启动Tomcat:
1.需要让IDEA点击run来启动tomcat的启动类,选定Tomcat启动类后,即可尝试run运行:
2.可能会遇到测试类的报错如下,可以尝试运行忽略测试类,或者直接删除maven compile时产生的test文件夹:
3.再尝试运行,可能会报错找不到server.xml等配置类,可以去project structure,设置配置文件所在的目录为resource folder(当然conf和webapps不移动到home目录下正常可以找到):
4.再次启动,启动日志如下,有一些报错,网上查询需要配置jvm启动参数:
-Dcatalina.home=/Users/david/Downloads/apache-tomcat-10.0.4-src
-Dcatalina.base=/Users/david/Downloads/apache-tomcat-10.0.4-src
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
-Djava.util.logging.config.file=/Users/david/Downloads/apache-tomcat-10.0.4-src/conf/logging.properties
5.配置好指定的catalina.home和catalina.base以及日志相关jvm参数后,启动Tomcat,正常启动,但localhost:8080页面如下:
6.原因:启动Tomcat BootStrap时未加载JSP编译器JasperInitializer.在org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig#configureStart:
webConfig(); // 这句下面添加如下初始化语句
context.addServletContainerInitializer(new JasperInitializer(), null);
启动Tomcat,查看http://localhost:8080
总结:让Tomcat在本地启动,这样方便debug调试。让我们深入研究Tomcat启动原理,作为Http服务器接受请求原理,以及如何对Request请求转换,并匹配对应Servlet显示jsp页面的。