源代码 关于printf

<日 现在才发现 我们通常用的printf并不是这个printf 找文件找错了，因为下面的printf 没有%f之类的输出  处理>

在里面发现宏   #define do_div(n,base) 展开后 奇怪的代码测试如下：

 #include <stdio.h>
  2 
  3 int main()
  4 {
  5 char tmp[66];
  6 int num;
  7  static const char digits[16] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; /* "GHIJKLMNOPQR    STUVWXYZ"; */
  8 int base =10;
  9 
 10 scanf("%d",&num);
 11 
 12 int i=0;
 13 
 14 while(num != 0)
 15 {
 16      tmp[i++] = (
 17      digits[
 18      (
 19      {
 20      int __res;
 21      __res = ((unsigned long) num) % (unsigned) base;
 22      num = ((unsigned long) n) / (unsigned) base;
 23      __res;
 24      }
 25      )//这样写也行 还是我的gcc兼容C99的标准？待会儿回到VC下测试 再写结果,测试过了,这是c99的标准, 在c89下要将分号改成逗号表达式 即使是c++也不能编译通过
 26      ] | 0)
 27      ;
 28 }

     tmp[i]='\0';
 29  printf("%s\n",tmp); 
 30 return 0;
 31 }

/**/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
//extern  int myvsprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args);
//#include "myprintf.c"
#include <stdio.h>
 
 #define ZEROPAD 1               /* pad with zero */
  #define SIGN    2               /* unsigned/signed long */
  #define PLUS    4               /* show plus */
  #define SPACE   8               /* space if plus */
  #define LEFT    16              /* left justified */
  #define SMALL   32              /* Must be 32 == 0x20 */
  #define SPECIAL 64              /* 0x */

  #define do_div(n,base) ({ \
  int __res; \
  __res = ((unsigned long) n) % (unsigned) base; \
  n = ((unsigned long) n) / (unsigned) base; \
  __res; })
/*宏函数 ： */
static char *number(char *str, long num, int base, int size, int precision,
                     int type)
 {/*str 原指向 缓冲数组 调用处 为 str = number(.....) 自己将自己改变了 */    /*为%d时  num=2, base=10, size=-1, precision=-1(精度), type=2(???))*/
         /* we are called with base 8, 10 or 16, only, thus don't need "G..."  */
         static const char digits[16] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; /* "GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; */
 
         char tmp[66];
         char c, sign, locase;
         int i;
 
         /* locase = 0 or 0x20. ORing digits or letters with 'locase'
          * produces same digits or (maybe lowercased) letters */
         locase = (type & SMALL);
         if (type & LEFT)
                 type &= ~ZEROPAD;
         if (base < 2 || base > 36)
                 return NULL;
         c = (type & ZEROPAD) ? '0' : ' ';/*d的时候2&2 取后面' '??单独测试应该取前面 这是怎么回事？*/
         sign = 0;
         if (type & SIGN) {/*为正数 检测下面 但是不走下面*/
                 if (num < 0) {
                         sign = '-';
                         num = -num;
                         size--;
                 } else if (type & PLUS) {
                         sign = '+';
                         size--;
                 } else if (type & SPACE) {
                         sign = ' ';
                         size--;
                 }
         }
         if (type & SPECIAL) {
                 if (base == 16)/*多少进制*/
                         size -= 2;
                 else if (base == 8)
                         size--;
         }
         i = 0;
         if (num == 0)
                 tmp[i++] = '0';
         else
                 while (num != 0)
                         tmp[i++] = (digits[do_div(num, base)] | locase);/*tmp 是字符串数组 *//*假如 num = 1234 则算后tmp［］ 为4321*/
         if (i > precision)/*注意: i 会随着上面的i而增加*/
                 precision = i;
         size -= precision;/*精度 减去？？???*/
         if (!(type & (ZEROPAD + LEFT)))/*%d 默认会走这里*/
                 while (size-- > 0)
                         *str++ = ' ';/*精度 控制加空格 补齐*/
         if (sign)/*默认不走这 默认sign = 0*/
                 *str++ = sign;
         if (type & SPECIAL) {/*%d默认不走这*/
                 if (base == 8)
                         *str++ = '0';//原来是空 自己改成0
                 else if (base == 16) {
                         *str++ = '0';//原来是空 自己改成0
                         *str++ = ('X' | locase);
                 }
         }
         if (!(type & LEFT))/*默认走这里*/
                 while (size-- > 0)
                         *str++ = c;
         while (i < precision--)
                 *str++ = '0';//原来是空 自己改成0
	 while (i-- > 0)/*i 表示数字转换后的大小长度 假如123则长3*/
                 *str++ = tmp[i];/*正确顺序放入*/
         while (size-- > 0)/*d默认的size怎么为-4??*/
                *str++ = ' ';
        return str;
 }





static inline int isdigit(int ch)/*检测是否是数字字符*/
{
         return (ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9');
}

static int skip_atoi(const char **s)
 {
         int i = 0;
  
        while (isdigit(**s))
                 i = i * 10 + *((*s)++) - '0';
         return i;
  }

int myvsprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
/* 将要打印的值放入buf中 fmt是格式化， *args是原来第一个参数的地址(第0个参数的位置是原来的 &fmt(不是这里的&fmt))    */

  {
         int len;
         unsigned long num;
         int i, base;
         char *str;
         const char *s; 
         int flags;              /* flags to number() *//*????*/
	 int field_width;    /*width of output field*/
         int precision;          /* min. # of digits for integers; max
                                    number of chars for from string */
         int qualifier;          /* 'h', 'l', or 'L' for integer fields */
 
         for (str = buf; *fmt; ++fmt) {
                 if (*fmt != '%') {/*比如 \n 之类的 直接存放进去*/
                         *str++ = *fmt;
                         continue;
                 }
 
                 /* process flags */
                 flags = 0;//??????????
               repeat://?????????
                 ++fmt;          /* this also skips first '%' */
                 switch (*fmt) {/*不是判断％d或者％f之类的检测*//*??????????????与下面的＋－ 0有关*/
                 case '-':/*?????????????????*/
                         flags |= LEFT;
                         goto repeat;
                 case '+':
                         flags |= PLUS;
                         goto repeat;
                 case ' ':
                         flags |= SPACE;
                         goto repeat;
                 case '#':
                         flags |= SPECIAL;
                         goto repeat;
                 case '0':
                         flags |= ZEROPAD;
                         goto repeat;
                 }
 
                 
		 
		 
		 /* get field width */
                 field_width = -1;
                 if (isdigit(*fmt))/*检测是不是数字 以便宽度输出*/
                         field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);/*赋值宽度 */
                 else if (*fmt == '*') {/*???????*/
                         ++fmt;
                         /* it's the next argument */
                         field_width = va_arg(args, int);
                         if (field_width < 0) {
                                 field_width = -field_width;
                                 flags |= LEFT;
                         }
                 }

                 /* get the precision */
                 precision = -1;
                 if (*fmt == '.') {/*？？？％3.2d这之类的检测？？？？？*/
                         ++fmt;
                         if (isdigit(*fmt))
                                 precision = skip_atoi(&fmt);
                         else if (*fmt == '*') {
                                 ++fmt;
                                 /* it's the next argument */
                                 precision = va_arg(args, int);
                         }
                         if (precision < 0)
                                 precision = 0;
                 }
 
                 /* get the conversion qualifier */
                 qualifier = -1;
                 if (*fmt == 'h' || *fmt == 'l' || *fmt == 'L') {
                         qualifier = *fmt;
                         ++fmt;
                 }
 
                 /* default base */
                 base = 10;/*????*/
 
                 switch (*fmt) {/*检测哪种格式输出*/
                 case 'c':
                         if (!(flags & LEFT))
                                 while (--field_width > 0)/*默认的fiel。。为-1 */
                                         *str++ = ' ';/*把要输出的内容，全部转换成字符放入str*/
                         *str++ = (unsigned char)va_arg(args, int);
                         while (--field_width > 0)
                                 *str++ = ' ';
                         continue;
 
                 case 's':
                         s = va_arg(args, char *);
                         len = strnlen(s, precision);
 
                         if (!(flags & LEFT))
                                 while (len < field_width--)
                                         *str++ = ' ';
                         for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
                                 *str++ = *s++;
                         while (len < field_width--)
                                 *str++ = ' ';
                         continue;
 
                 case 'p':
                         if (field_width == -1) {
                                 field_width = 2 * sizeof(void *);
                                 flags |= ZEROPAD;
                         }
                         str = number(str,
                                      (unsigned long)va_arg(args, void *), 16,
                                  field_width, precision, flags);
                         continue;
 
                 case 'n':
                         if (qualifier == 'l') {
                                 long *ip = va_arg(args, long *);
                                 *ip = (str - buf);
                         } else {
                                 int *ip = va_arg(args, int *);
                                 *ip = (str - buf);
                         }
                         continue;
 
                 case '%':/*百分号的输出*/
                         *str++ = '%';
                         continue;
 
                         /* integer number formats - set up the flags and "break" */
                 case 'o':
                         base = 8;
                         break;
 
                 case 'x':
                         flags |= SMALL;
                 case 'X':
                         base = 16;
                         break;
 
                 case 'd':/*d 要跳走？？*/
                 case 'i':
                         flags |= SIGN;/*flags的作用？d后这里为2*/
                 case 'u':/*第一次为%d 即是这里*fmt为'd'为什么会从这里跳*/
                         break;/*flags |= SIGN已经执行过了再从这里跳出，基本语法 还是???*/
 
                 default:
                         *str++ = '%';
                         if (*fmt)
                                 *str++ = *fmt;
                         else
                                 --fmt;
                         continue;
                 }
                 if (qualifier == 'l')/*???*/
                         num = va_arg(args, unsigned long);/*按照长整形取参数*/
                 else if (qualifier == 'h') {
                         num = (unsigned short)va_arg(args, int);/*按照...取数*/
                         if (flags & SIGN)
                                 num = (short)num;
                 } else if (flags & SIGN)/*？？d的时候flags=2 SIGN=2按照int 取数 判断是不是有符号数*/
                         num = va_arg(args, int);/* (*(int *) (((args) += (_bnd (int,AUPBND))) - (_bnd (int, _AUPBND)))) 将一个int *的指针指向那里 并将值赋给num */
                 else/*无符号数*/
                         num = va_arg(args, unsigned int);
                 str = number(str, num, base, field_width, precision, flags);/*将数字转化为字符串 放入str*/
         }
         *str = '\0';
         return str - buf;
 }       


int myprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        char printf_buf[1024];
        va_list args;
        int printed;

        va_start(args, fmt);/*取得参数的第一个变量的地址 将其赋给fmt*/
        printed = myvsprintf(printf_buf, fmt, args);/* 将要打印的值放入buf中 */
        va_end(args);/*将参数值取NULL*/

        puts(printf_buf);

        return printed;
}


int main()
{
int apple=2,pear=3; 
char *p = "this is point p 's content!";

myprintf("%d\n%d\n%s\n",apple,pear,p);

return 0;
}