【Docker】Docker安装和docker commpse安装

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/h609232722/article/details/126908333

官方文档 https://docs.docker.com

阮一峰docker入门教程 http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2018/02/docker-tutorial.html

概述

环境配置的难题是麻烦的事情，两种解决方案：虚拟机 和 Linux容器。

Docker 属于 Linux 容器的一种封装，提供简单易用的容器使用接口。 它是目前最流行的 Linux 容器解决方案。

用途

Docker 的主要用途，目前有三大类。

（1）提供一次性的环境。 比如，本地测试他人的软件、持续集成的时候提供单元测试和构建的环境。Fast, consistent delivery of your applications.

（2）提供弹性的云服务。 因为 Docker 容器可以随开随关，很适合动态扩容和缩容。Responsive deployment and scaling.

（3）组建微服务架构。 通过多个容器，一台机器可以跑多个服务，因此在本机就可以模拟出微服务架构。Running more workloads on the same hardware.

架构

Docker使用客户端-服务器（c-s）架构，如下图

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分层结构

Layers of a container based on the Ubuntu image

Containers sharing same image

安装

安装docker ce

菜鸟安装教程 https://www.runoob.com/docker/ubuntu-docker-install.html。

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

官方文档安装教程 https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/。

安装成功后，使用如下命令检验是否安装成功

docker version
# 或者
docker info

免sudo使用docker

sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker
sudo service docker restart

配置daemon文件

新建/etc/docker/daemon.json文件，配置镜像、不安全仓库、容器默认ip段，如下

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://1iopxntw.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "insecure-registries": ["harbor.zoneyet.com", "172.16.1.61:5000"],
  "bip":"192.168.0.1/24"
}

安装 Docker Compose

安装命令如下

sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.26.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

也可以把已存在的docker-compose文件直接拷贝到目录/usr/local/bin/

镜像

命令

docker images

docker search

docker pull

docker rmi

docker build

docker tag

Dockerfile

Dockerfile 是一个用来构建镜像的文本文件，文本内容包含了一条条构建镜像所需的指令和说明。

COPY ADD CMD ENTRYPOINT ENV ARG VOLUME EXPOSE WORKDIR

测试环境xxx.jar的Dockerfile

FROM openjdk:11.0.8
LABEL maintainer=""
ENV JAVA_JAR="/code/gaga-server.jar" \
    JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xmx2g -Xms2g -Xmn1g \
               -XX:SurvivorRatio=6 -XX:MetaspaceSize=512m -XX:ParallelGCThreads=6 \
               -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=5 -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:ConcGCThreads=2 \
               -Dspring.profiles.active=dev" \
    JAVA_ARGS=""
COPY ./target/xxx.jar /code/
CMD ["sh", "-c", "java $JAVA_OPTS -jar $JAVA_JAR $JAVA_ARGS"]

容器

常用命令

docker ps

docker run

docker start

docker stop

docker rm

docker restart

docker exec

docker top

docker inspect

docker export

docker import

实战

docker ps 查看运行中容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                   COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                              NAMES
daceb39124e3        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/user-core-dev:20210223.1         "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   23 hours ago        Up 23 hours                                            user-core-dev
e594831e1958        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/gaga-server-dev:20210223.1       "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   24 hours ago        Up 24 hours                                            gaga-server-dev
b971259ea76e        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/gaga-pay-server-dev:20210218.1   "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   5 days ago          Up 5 days                                              gaga-pay-server-dev
772ff95a4209        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/gaga-task-mq-dev:20210204.4      "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   2 weeks ago         Up 2 weeks                                             gaga-task-mq-dev

docker ps -a 查看所有容器(运行中/已停止)

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                              NAMES
4409ca32dba8        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/managed-multi-test/gaga_sns_job:20210223.1   "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   19 hours ago        Exited (1) 19 hours ago                                      managed-multi-test.gaga_sns_job
a1428f19927b        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/managed-multi-test/gaga_sns_im:20210223.1    "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   19 hours ago        Exited (1) 19 hours ago                                      managed-multi-test.gaga_sns_im
d9087083d582        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/managed-multi-test/gaga_sns_web:20210223.1   "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   19 hours ago        Exited (1) 19 hours ago                                      managed-multi-test.gaga_sns_web
daceb39124e3        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/user-core-dev:20210223.1                     "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   23 hours ago        Up 23 hours                                                  user-core-dev
e594831e1958        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/gaga-server-dev:20210223.1                   "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   24 hours ago        Up 24 hours                                                  gaga-server-dev
eb1d9066d0e6        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/managed-pay-test--lh:20210222.1              "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   38 hours ago        Exited (1) 19 hours ago                                      managed-pay-test--lh
a3cb008a5ffc        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/managed-service-test:20210222.1              "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   39 hours ago        Exited (1) 19 hours ago                                      managed-service-test
b971259ea76e        172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/gaga-pay-server-dev:20210218.1               "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   5 days ago          Up 5 days                                                    gaga-pay-server-dev

docker exec -it [容器id] bash 进入容器内部bash环境

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it e5 bash
root@localhost:/# ls
bin  boot  code  data  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root	run  sbin  srv	sys  tmp  usr  var
root@localhost:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg       docker-ui.sh  java-runtime  tag_name_gaga-pay-server-dev.txt  tag_name_gaga-task-mq-dev.txt  tag_name_user-core-dev.txt
clear-junk-images.sh  gaga-yapi     nginx         tag_name_gaga-server-dev.txt      tag_name_gaga-task-mq.txt
[root@localhost ~]#

docker inspect 查看容器运行状态

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect e5
[
    {
        "Id": "e594831e1958a34bd4acf4730f8de289f91330d81f0f0384410fe71422853114",
        "Created": "2021-02-23T01:30:09.939665043Z",
        "Path": "sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "java $JAVA_OPTS -jar $JAVA_JAR $JAVA_ARGS"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 26750,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-02-23T01:30:11.310569733Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:053dfaaf77f907359b9f5b6583061c2122e545ede7ca9fe36b9c70bcfe297784",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e594831e1958a34bd4acf4730f8de289f91330d81f0f0384410fe71422853114/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e594831e1958a34bd4acf4730f8de289f91330d81f0f0384410fe71422853114/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e594831e1958a34bd4acf4730f8de289f91330d81f0f0384410fe71422853114/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e594831e1958a34bd4acf4730f8de289f91330d81f0f0384410fe71422853114/e594831e1958a34bd4acf4730f8de289f91330d81f0f0384410fe71422853114-json.log",
        "Name": "/gaga-server-dev",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "/data/log/service-api:/data/log/service-api"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "host",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "always",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/34986351a8cc830c701ceca63dd51253605d2c7cc1ef7f5f9a3ffe6c202a8db3-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0105513f429caea561eb37333be81f6be3f6cecccbe4cd3c7f990e9d75d5093e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b48d6114b256b17d9a298503893aef0360a5e38d0a73994028fe3c7b028926e0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ebadd93aed99082612f30465d31a88b15055d46790ad0d7d74089aa82f9b5019/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/123edda8b8568de11bc60844355ef5108caeb15f3b9223ad05761f783e120489/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8dec8049d022ee0585e51e2106ccb2a17961856c1f8f11c0c981f57a65997863/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/66b63b8872a0415e178ce47c0116e3cf01e74d64b485dfb870c07471515e189a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9cf4f10730b19d8d2a1fbe20f61d0bdfa1de53bf7cb67ab9bd9b2dc2a75c17a8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02d4968d71f0870536a9602cb5ab5c508d4d38c3767618e280879cd0a4f382c9/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/34986351a8cc830c701ceca63dd51253605d2c7cc1ef7f5f9a3ffe6c202a8db3/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/34986351a8cc830c701ceca63dd51253605d2c7cc1ef7f5f9a3ffe6c202a8db3/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/34986351a8cc830c701ceca63dd51253605d2c7cc1ef7f5f9a3ffe6c202a8db3/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/data/log/service-api",
                "Destination": "/data/log/service-api",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "localhost.localdomain",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "JAVA_OPTS=-Dspring.profiles.active=gaga,dev -Dconfig.server.path=172.16.1.67",
                "PATH=/usr/local/openjdk-11/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "LANG=C.UTF-8",
                "JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk-11",
                "JAVA_VERSION=11.0.8",
                "JAVA_JAR=/code/gaga-server.jar",
                "JAVA_ARGS="
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "sh",
                "-c",
                "java $JAVA_OPTS -jar $JAVA_JAR $JAVA_ARGS"
            ],
            "Image": "172.16.1.61:5000/gchat/gaga-server-dev:20210223.1",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "zhangduanyang@zoneyet.com"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "62fe5c050baad0e436c57f891120d5ff67277fae3f3cb96fb2dfbf9a29ac941f",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/default",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "host": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "849859dba7569ab5f04eb8dc55baff9b61f444ebbc988ff417a4c0d0752c0300",
                    "EndpointID": "b29cb139700886e68e8edf881515c8d039f51f62929144ebca93124388cd38d9",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

一般需要关注的部分

Mounts
- 宿主机(本机)与容器的文件夹连接.
Config
- Env
  - 容器环境变量
- Cmd
  - 容器启动命令
- Image
  - 容器使用的镜像

一个小技巧

容器id 可只输入前几位，保证不重复即可，如上例中gaga server 可只输入e5

网络模式networking

网络模式有 bridge host overlay macvlan none。https://docs.docker.com/network/

bridge又分user-defined bridges和the default bridge。User-defined bridges provide automatic DNS resolution between containers.

docker network对docker的网络进行操作。

数据存储storage

存储的方式有3中：卷Volumes, 绑定挂载Bind mounts, 内存型tmpfs。https://docs.docker.com/storage/

推荐使用Volumes方式。

types of mounts and where they live on the Docker host

Docker Compose

常用命令

docker-compose up

docker-compose exec

docker-compose down

docker-compose kill

docker-compose rm

实战

#!/bin/bash
set -e

if [[ $1 == 'mysql' || $1 == 'mongo' || $1 == 'redis' || $1 == 'redisPC' || $1 == 'activemq' ]]; then
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml kill $1
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml rm -f $1
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml up -d $1
elif [[ $1 == 'solr' ]]; then
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml kill $1
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml rm -f $1
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml up -d $1
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml exec -u solr solr solr create -c userCore -d /opt/solr/server/solr/configsets/userCore/conf
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml exec -u solr solr solr create -c groupCore -d /opt/solr/server/solr/configsets/groupCore/conf
elif [[ $1 == 'all' ]]; then
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml down
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml up -d
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml exec -d -u solr solr solr create -c userCore -d /opt/solr/server/solr/configsets/userCore/conf
  docker-compose -f mysql-mongo-redis.yml exec -d -u solr solr solr create -c groupCore -d /opt/solr/server/solr/configsets/groupCore/conf
else
  echo '参数错误'
fi