Android 6.0权限

Android 6.0以后，对用户的权限机制做了很大的修改，新的权限机制更好的保护了用户的隐私，Google将权限分为两类，一类是Normal Permissions，这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私，是不需要用户进行授权的，比如手机震动、访问网络等；另一类是Dangerous Permission，一般是涉及到用户隐私的，需要用户进行授权，比如读取sdcard、访问通讯录等。

Dangerous Permission：

group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS   联系人
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

group:android.permission-group.PHONE     
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
  permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
  permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
  permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR    日历
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
  permission:android.permission.CAMERA

group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
  permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
  permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

group:android.permission-group.SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

使用到上面的Dangerous Permission权限的时候都需要额外在代码中申请，值得注意的是，在同一组权限中，只要某一个权限被授予了，其他权限也默认被授予了。

申请权限流程：
1.检查权限是否被授予
2.如果权限没有被授予，则开始申请权限

//先检查是否有权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    //申请权限
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, REQUEST_CODE_CALL_PHONE);
} else {
    //权限已被授予，可以直接进行一步操作
}

3.申请完权限后回调处理

//申请完权限后回调
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    switch (requestCode) {
        case 1:
            if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                doCallPhone();
            } else {
                //提示用户权限未被授予，退出
            }
            break;
    }
}

基本的流程就三步！
附加（当用户再次拒绝该权限时会调用）：

if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)){
    Toast.makeText(this, "Permission Denied，App", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

下面基于慕课网老师的封装

public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState, PersistableBundle persistentState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState, persistentState);
    }

    /**
     * 提供一个权限检查方法
     * @param permissions
     * @return
     */
    public boolean hasPermission(String... permissions){

        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT<Build.VERSION_CODES.M){
            return true;
        }

        for(String permission:permissions){
            if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,permission)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 为子类提供一个权限请求方法
     * @param code
     * @param permissions
     */
    public void requestPermission(int code,String... permissions){
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,permissions,code);
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case Contant.WRITE_EXTERNAL_CODE:
                if(grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    doSDCardPermission();
                }else {
                    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
                            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)){
                    }
                        toast();
                }
            break;
            case Contant.CALL_PHONE_CODE:
                doCallPhonePermission();
            break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    void toast(){
        Toast.makeText(this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    /**
     * 默认的打电话权限处理
     */
    public void doCallPhonePermission() {

    }

    /**
     * 默认实现SD卡权限处理
     */
    public void doSDCardPermission() {

    }
}

在类中调用

public class TsetPermissionActivity extends BaseActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_tset_permission);

        //当用到SD卡权限时
        if(hasPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)){
            doSDCardPermission();
        }else {
            requestPermission(Contant.WRITE_EXTERNAL_CODE,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        }
        //当用到打电话权限时
        if(hasPermission(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)){
            doSDCardPermission();
        }else {
            requestPermission(Contant.CALL_PHONE_CODE,Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);
        }
    }

    //通过子类去实现SD权限逻辑
    @Override
    public void doSDCardPermission(){

    }
    //通过子类去实现打电话逻辑
    @Override
    public void doCallPhonePermission(){

    }
}