JAVA发送HTTP请求的多种方式总结

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-31 14:09:04 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-31 14:09:04 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA 文章标签：开发语言 java spring boot

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liuyunyihao/article/details/125262877

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程序员日常工作中，发送http请求特别常见。本文以Java为例，总结发送http请求的多种方式。

    1. HttpURLConnection
    使用JDK原生提供的net，无需其他jar包，代码如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpTest1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    HttpURLConnection con = null;

    BufferedReader buffer = null;
    StringBuffer resultBuffer = null;

    try {
        URL url = new URL("http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do");
        //得到连接对象
        con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        //设置请求类型
        con.setRequestMethod("POST");
        //设置Content-Type，此处根据实际情况确定
        con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        //允许写出
        con.setDoOutput(true);
        //允许读入
        con.setDoInput(true);
        //不使用缓存
        con.setUseCaches(false);
        OutputStream os = con.getOutputStream();
        Map paraMap = new HashMap();
        paraMap.put("type", "wx");
        paraMap.put("mchid", "10101");
        //组装入参
        os.write(("consumerAppId=test&serviceName=queryMerchantService&params=" + JSON.toJSONString(paraMap)).getBytes());
        //得到响应码
        int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
        if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
            //得到响应流
            InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream();
            //将响应流转换成字符串
            resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            String line;
            buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "GBK"));
            while ((line = buffer.readLine()) != null) {
                resultBuffer.append(line);
            }
            System.out.println("result:" + resultBuffer.toString());
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

}

    2. HttpClient

    需要用到commons-httpclient-3.1.jar，maven依赖如下：

commons-httpclient commons-httpclient 3.1 代码如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpTest2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod("http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do");

    postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
    //设置Content-Type，此处根据实际情况确定
    postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    //必须设置下面这个Header
    //添加请求参数
    Map paraMap = new HashMap();
    paraMap.put("type", "wx");
    paraMap.put("mchid", "10101");
    postMethod.addParameter("consumerAppId", "test");
    postMethod.addParameter("serviceName", "queryMerchantService");
    postMethod.addParameter("params", JSON.toJSONString(paraMap));
    String result = "";
    try {
        int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
        if (code == 200){
            result = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
            System.out.println("result:" + result);
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

}
3. CloseableHttpClient
需要用到httpclient-4.5.6.jar，maven依赖如下：

org.apache.httpcomponents httpclient 4.5.6 代码如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpTest3 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    int timeout = 120000;
    CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeout)
            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeout).setSocketTimeout(timeout).build();
    HttpPost httpPost = null;
    List<NameValuePair> nvps = null;
    CloseableHttpResponse responses = null;// 命名冲突，换一个名字，response
    HttpEntity resEntity = null;
    String result;
    try {
        httpPost = new HttpPost("http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do");
        httpPost.setConfig(defaultRequestConfig);

        Map paraMap = new HashMap();
        paraMap.put("type", "wx");
        paraMap.put("mchid", "10101");
        nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("consumerAppId", "test"));
        nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("serviceName", "queryMerchantService"));
        nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("params", JSON.toJSONString(paraMap)));
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));

        responses = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        resEntity = responses.getEntity();
        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, Consts.UTF_8);
        EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
        System.out.println("result:" + result);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        try {
            responses.close();
            httpClient.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

}
4. okhttp
需要用到okhttp-3.10.0.jar，maven依赖如下：

com.squareup.okhttp3 okhttp 3.10.0 代码如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import okhttp3.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpTest4 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    String url = "http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do";
    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
    Map paraMap = new HashMap();
    paraMap.put("yybh", "1231231");

    RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
            .addFormDataPart("consumerAppId", "tst")
            .addFormDataPart("serviceName", "queryCipher")
            .addFormDataPart("params", JSON.toJSONString(paraMap))
            .build();

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .post(requestBody)
            .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
            .build();
    Response response = client
            .newCall(request)
            .execute();
    if (response.isSuccessful()) {
        System.out.println("result:" + response.body().string());
    } else {
        throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);
    }
}

}
5. Socket
使用JDK原生提供的net，无需其他jar包
此处参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/hehongtao/p/5276425.html
代码如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpTest6 {

private static String encoding = "utf-8";

public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
        Map paraMap = new HashMap();
        paraMap.put("yybh", "12312311");
        String data = URLEncoder.encode("consumerAppId", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("test", "utf-8") + "&" +
                URLEncoder.encode("serviceName", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("queryCipher", "utf-8")
                + "&" +
                URLEncoder.encode("params", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(JSON.toJSONString(paraMap), "utf-8");
        Socket s = new Socket("10.30.10.151", 8012);
        OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream());
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("POST /gateway.do HTTP/1.1\r\n");
        sb.append("Host: 10.30.10.151:8012\r\n");
        sb.append("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");
        sb.append("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");
        //注，这里很关键。这里一定要一个回车换行，表示消息头完，不然服务器会等待
        sb.append("\r\n");
        osw.write(sb.toString());
        osw.write(data);
        osw.write("\r\n");
        osw.flush();

        //--输出服务器传回的消息的头信息
        InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
        String line = null;
        int contentLength = 0;//服务器发送回来的消息长度
        // 读取所有服务器发送过来的请求参数头部信息
        do {
            line = readLine(is, 0);
            //如果有Content-Length消息头时取出
            if (line.startsWith("Content-Length")) {
                contentLength = Integer.parseInt(line.split(":")[1].trim());
            }
            //打印请求部信息
            System.out.print(line);
            //如果遇到了一个单独的回车换行，则表示请求头结束
        } while (!line.equals("\r\n"));

        //--输消息的体
        System.out.print(readLine(is, contentLength));

        //关闭流
        is.close();

    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

/*
 * 这里我们自己模拟读取一行，因为如果使用API中的BufferedReader时，它是读取到一个回车换行后
 * 才返回，否则如果没有读取，则一直阻塞，直接服务器超时自动关闭为止，如果此时还使用BufferedReader
 * 来读时，因为读到最后一行时，最后一行后不会有回车换行符，所以就会等待。如果使用服务器发送回来的
 * 消息头里的Content-Length来截取消息体，这样就不会阻塞
 *
 * contentLe 参数 如果为0时，表示读头，读时我们还是一行一行的返回；如果不为0，表示读消息体，
 * 时我们根据消息体的长度来读完消息体后，客户端自动关闭流，这样不用先到服务器超时来关闭。
 */
private static String readLine(InputStream is, int contentLe) throws IOException {
    ArrayList lineByteList = new ArrayList();
    byte readByte;
    int total = 0;
    if (contentLe != 0) {
        do {
            readByte = (byte) is.read();
            lineByteList.add(Byte.valueOf(readByte));
            total++;
        } while (total < contentLe);//消息体读还未读完
    } else {
        do {
            readByte = (byte) is.read();
            lineByteList.add(Byte.valueOf(readByte));
        } while (readByte != 10);
    }

    byte[] tmpByteArr = new byte[lineByteList.size()];
    for (int i = 0; i < lineByteList.size(); i++) {
        tmpByteArr[i] = ((Byte) lineByteList.get(i)).byteValue();
    }
    lineByteList.clear();

    return new String(tmpByteArr, encoding);
}

}
6. RestTemplate
RestTemplate 是由Spring提供的一个HTTP请求工具。比传统的Apache和HttpCLient便捷许多，能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。代码如下：

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){
    return new RestTemplate(factory);
}

@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
    SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
    factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
    factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
    return factory;
}

}

@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;

@Test
public void postTest() throws Exception {
MultiValueMap<String, String> requestEntity = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
Map paraMap = new HashMap();
paraMap.put(“type”, “wx”);
paraMap.put(“mchid”, “10101”);
requestEntity.add(“consumerAppId”, “test”);
requestEntity.add(“serviceName”, “queryMerchant”);
requestEntity.add(“params”, JSON.toJSONString(paraMap));
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
System.out.println(restTemplate.postForObject(“http://10.30.10.151:8012/gateway.do”, requestEntity, String.class));
}

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liuyunyihao/article/details/125262877