iSCSI 远程块存储 (共享设备)

一,概述
SCSI(Internet SCSI) 支持从客户端 ( 发起端 ) 通过 IP 向远程服务器上的 iSCSI 存储设备 ( 目标 ) 发送 SCSI 命令。
iSCSI限定名称用于确定发起端和目标 , 并采用 iqn.yyyy-mm.{reverse domain}:label 的格式
默认情况下 , 网络通信是至 iSCSI 目标上的端口 3260/tcp 的明文端口ISCSI 名称设定

iSCSI 发起端 : 需要访问原始 SAN 存储的客户端
iSCSI 目标 : 从 iSCSI 服务器提供的远程硬盘磁盘 , 或“目标门户”
iSCSI 目标门户 : 通过网络向发起端提供目标的服务器。

IQN:“iSCSI 限定名称”。每个发起端和目标需要唯一名称进行标识最好的做法是使用一个在 Internet 上可能独一无二的名称

二,安装配置iscsi

服务端

[root@server ~]# fdisk -l                                                       >>>>>查看磁盘

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    20970332    10484142+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb                                                 >>>>>>建立一个磁盘分区用来做共享分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xce7e4760.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xce7e4760

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +2G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p                                                         >>>>>打印分区表

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xce7e4760

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@server ~]# partprobe                                                        >>>>>>同步分区表
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.


[root@server ~]# yum install targetcli -y                                         >>>>>>安装iscsi软件管理包
[root@server ~]# systemctl status target
target.service - Restore LIO kernel target configuration
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/target.service; disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
[root@server ~]# systemctl start target                                           >>>>>>启动
[root@server ~]# systemctl enable target
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/target.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/target.service'



[root@server ~]# targetcli                                                        
Warning: Could not load preferences file /root/.targetcli/prefs.bin.
targetcli shell version 2.1.fb34
Copyright 2011-2013 by Datera, Inc and others.
For help on commands, type 'help'.

/> ls                                                                              >>>>>查看
o- / ......................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .............................................................. [...]
  | o- block .................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- fileio ................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ............................................................ [Targets: 0]
  o- loopback ......................................................... [Targets: 0]
/> /backstores/block create westos:storage1 /dev/vdb1                               >>>>>把/dev/vdb1作为磁盘分区,起名为westos:storage1
Created block storage object westos:storage1 using /dev/vdb1.
/> /iscsi create iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1                                   >>>>>创建iscsi限定名称 格式为iqn.年-月.域名反写:label标示
Created target iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1.
Created TPG 1.
/> ls                                                                               >>>>>再次查看
o- / ......................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .............................................................. [...]
  | o- block .................................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
  | | o- westos:storage1 ............... [/dev/vdb1 (2.0GiB) write-thru deactivated]
  | o- fileio ................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ............................................................ [Targets: 1]
  | o- iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1 .................................. [TPGs: 1]
  |   o- tpg1 ............................................... [no-gen-acls, no-auth]
  |     o- acls .......................................................... [ACLs: 0]
  |     o- luns .......................................................... [LUNs: 0]
  |     o- portals .................................................... [Portals: 0]
  o- loopback ......................................................... [Targets: 0]
          
######/iscsi/iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1/tpg1/下面的三个都要设置
/> /iscsi/iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1/tpg1/acls create iqn.2018-06.com.example:westoskey   >>>>>创建acl密钥
Created Node ACL for iqn.2018-06.com.example:westoskey
/> /iscsi/iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1/tpg1/luns create /backstores/block/westos:storage1   >>>>>密钥和设备关联
Created LUN 0.
Created LUN 0->0 mapping in node ACL iqn.2018-06.com.example:westoskey
/> /iscsi/iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1/tpg1/portals create 172.25.254.200                   >>>>开放端口
Using default IP port 3260
Created network portal 172.25.254.200:3260.
/> exit
Global pref auto_save_on_exit=true
Last 10 configs saved in /etc/target/backup.
Configuration saved to /etc/target/saveconfig.json                                               >>>>>提示配置信息的保存位置


注意:这个里面的命令可以tab显示出来,help查看命令格式
 

客户端

[root@client ~]# fdisk -l                                                            >>>>>>查看是否有共享磁盘

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    20970332    10484142+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


[root@client ~]# yum search iscsi
Loaded plugins: langpacks
================================= N/S matched: iscsi ==================================
iscsi-initiator-utils.i686 : iSCSI daemon and utility programs
iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 : iSCSI daemon and utility programs
iscsi-initiator-utils-iscsiuio.x86_64 : Userspace configuration daemon required for
                                      : some iSCSI hardware
libiscsi.i686 : iSCSI client library
libiscsi.x86_64 : iSCSI client library

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@client ~]# yum install iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 -y                         >>>>>>安装客户端软件

[root@server ~]# systemctl status firewalld                                          >>>>>>>服务端关闭防火墙
firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)

[root@client ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 172.25.254.200                                >>>>>>>客户端发现设备
    ####-t 类型 -p IP端口
[root@client ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1 -p 172.25.254.200 -l     >>>>>>>客户端登陆
    ####-T iqn共享设备名称 -p IP端口 -l 登陆
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1, portal: 172.25.254.200,3260] (multiple)
iscsiadm: Could not login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1, portal: 172.25.254.200,3260].
iscsiadm: initiator reported error (24 - iSCSI login failed due to authorization failure)
iscsiadm: Could not log into all portals                                                        >>>>>>>登陆失败,要先修改配置文件,添加密钥

[root@client ~]# vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi 
[root@client ~]# cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi                                             >>>>>>>直接修改
InitiatorName=iqn.2018-06.com.example:westoskey

[root@client ~]# systemctl restart iscsid.service                                               >>>>>>>重启
[root@client ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 172.25.254.200                                  >>>>>>>>发现
[root@client ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1 -p 172.25.254.200 -l      >>>>>>>>登陆成功
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1, portal: 172.25.254.200,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1, portal: 172.25.254.200,3260] successful.

[root@client ~]# fdisk -l                                                                       >>>>>>>查看设备

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    20970332    10484142+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors                                       >>>>>>出现共享设备
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 4194304 bytes

三,客户端使用共享磁盘

[root@client ~]# fdisk /dev/sda                                                     >>>>>>对共享磁盘进行分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x759cd7b5.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (8192-4194303, default 8192): 
Using default value 8192
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (8192-4194303, default 4194303): +500M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 4194304 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x759cd7b5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            8192     1032191      512000   83  Linux

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@client ~]# partprobe                                                     >>>>>>同步数据表
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
[root@client ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda1                                             >>>>>>>格式化磁盘分区
meta-data=/dev/sda1              isize=256    agcount=8, agsize=16000 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=128000, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=853, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@client ~]# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/                                           >>>>>>>手动挂载
[root@client ~]# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1       10473900 3159092   7314808  31% /
devtmpfs          927072       0    927072   0% /dev
tmpfs             942660      80    942580   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs             942660   17028    925632   2% /run
tmpfs             942660       0    942660   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1         508588   25888    482700   6% /mnt

四,客户端自动挂载

[root@client ~]# vim /etc/fstab 

/dev/sda1       /mnt    xfs     defaults,_netdev        0 0                      >>>>>>>一定要写上_netdev

系统启动时默认先加载/etc/fstab后启动网络服务,但是如果不先启动网络,那么客户端和服务端就无法通信,这个文件的内容也就无法完成,系统就会一直卡住。

[root@client ~]# reboot
[root@156 ~]# rht-vmctl poweroff desktop                                          >>>>>>>第一次需要手动关机,再开机,否则会卡住关不了 
Powering off desktop..
[root@156 ~]# rht-vmctl start desktop 

#####如果没有写_netdev

#####进入单用户界面,改变系统根

####进入/etc/fstab然后添加,exit两次退出

五,客户端卸载

[root@client ~]# yum install tree
[root@client ~]# tree /var/lib/iscsi/                                                      >>>>>>查看树形结构
/var/lib/iscsi/
|-- ifaces
|-- isns
|-- nodes
|   `-- iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1
|       `-- 172.25.254.200,3260,1
|           `-- default
|-- send_targets
|   `-- 172.25.254.200,3260
|       |-- iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1,172.25.254.200,3260,1,default -> /var/lib/iscsi/nodes/iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1/172.25.254.200,3260,1
|       `-- st_config
|-- slp
`-- static

[root@client ~]# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1       10473900 3159388   7314512  31% /
devtmpfs          927072       0    927072   0% /dev
tmpfs             942660      80    942580   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs             942660   17032    925628   2% /run
tmpfs             942660       0    942660   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1         508588   25888    482700   6% /mnt
[root@client ~]# umount /mnt/                                                         >>>>>>取消挂载
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/fstab                                                       >>>>>>删除开机自动挂载的命令


[root@client ~]# fdisk  -l                                                            >>>>>>查看共享磁盘

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    20970332    10484142+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 4194304 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x759cd7b5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            8192     1032191      512000   83  Linux                             >>>>>>设备仍然存在

[root@client ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1 -p 172.25.254.200 -u    >>>>>> -u 表示unlogin
Logging out of session [sid: 1, target: iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1, portal: 172.25.254.200,3260]
Logout of [sid: 1, target: iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1, portal: 172.25.254.200,3260] successful.

[root@client ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    20970332    10484142+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes                                               >>>>>共享设备消失,只是暂时的



[root@client ~]# systemctl restart  iscsi                                                       >>>>>>重启服务之后又会出现
[root@client ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    20970332    10484142+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 4194304 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x759cd7b5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            8192     1032191      512000   83  Linux                                    >>>>>>共享设备仍然出现

[root@client ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1 -p 172.25.254.200 -u       >>>>>>再次登出
Logging out of session [sid: 2, target: iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1, portal: 172.25.254.200,3260]
Logout of [sid: 2, target: iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1, portal: 172.25.254.200,3260] successful.

[root@client ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2018-06.com.example:storage1 -p 172.25.254.200 -o delete
                                                                                           >>>>> -o operation 删除操作
[root@client ~]# tree /var/lib/iscsi//var/lib/iscsi/                                       >>>>> 查看树形结构
|-- ifaces
|-- isns
|-- nodes
|-- send_targets
|   `-- 172.25.254.200,3260
|       `-- st_config
|-- slp
`-- static

7 directories, 1 file

[root@client ~]# systemctl restart  iscsi                                           >>>>>重启服务
[root@client ~]# fdisk -l                                                           >>>>>查看设备

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    20970332    10484142+  83  Linux                       >>>>>>共享设备消失

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes




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