HTML5 Game Development Tutorial

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里面写到了简单的物理系统，感觉特实用，下次做游戏的时候果断会用到

How to Make Money From Your Games (Adsense, Merchandise, etc.)

Making a game is only half the battle if you are looking to make money from your creations. Once you've made the game, you will want to think of ways to make money from it.
A lot of what I'm going to go into in this post applies to any kind of game, although I'm using HTML5 games as the focused example.

One way would be having a donate button, but personally I like to stay away from donate buttons, because it feels a bit like begging. I rather make money through giving a service to people.
There are three main services you can provide; merchandise, advertising and in-game purchases.

Merchandise: I haven't really focused on selling merchandise much, I've only set up a small store at CafePress ( SlashMerch), however I may focus more on that in the future.
Setting up a CafePress store is pretty simple, you just sign up, and pick an item, and add your artwork to it. (Note that it needs to be your own artwork, copyrighted materials is a huge no-no)

Advertising: There are many ways to go about this. The most popular way to advertise on a web page is to use Google Adsense. You just set up an account, get your site approved, then add a little block of code which generates adverts from the sites that people using adwords have created. Adwords is where people put up their sites looking for traffic, Adsense is where people put those ads on their website to give them traffic and get money in return (which the Adwords people have paid).
There are many other services similar to Adsense, but none are close to being as profitable. The only case that I would suggest you use a service other than Adsense is if you have pornographic material, or something else which goes against Google's terms.
There is one other way, which takes a lot more effort, although has potential to make more money. Making deals with people individually. This means you directly talk to someone to make a deal that you give them traffic for whatever price. The deal would specify how the traffic is given (text link/banner image/whatever).

Where to put the ads? You could put the ads around the page that the game is on (this requires the game to not be full screen). The page this article is written on has Adsense ads around the place, that is an example of where ads can go, and it applies to pages games are on too.
Another place they can go is in a pause menu. This works for full-screen games and non-full-screen games. What you'd do for that is, put the ad's code inside a <div id="whatever" style="display: none;"></div>. This will load the ad, but it will be invisible. In the game's code, you just have to make it that when the game is paused, it makes it appear.
Example:
document.getElementById('whatever').style.display="";
Then when the game is unpaused, use:
document.getElementById('whatever').style.display="none";
Here is an example of adsense in a pause menu of a canvas game

How much money do the ads make? This is a pretty big question. It is dependent on so many different things. It would depend on what ads actually show up, which depends on both your target audience, and the topic of the game. It also depends on how much traffic you get to your site. You need hundreds to thousands of visits per day to make any amount of money. And a huge problem is that people don't trust ads any more. The ad services that aren't Adsense have put up so many scammy ads that it gave the reputation of internet ads so much shit. However, Adsense ads are very trustworthy and they very often provide quality and interesting links.

In-game Purchases: Depending on what kind of game it is, you could have things like purchasable clothes for your character, or vehicles, etc.
Firstly, you'll need to set up a database to hold usernames, encrypted passwords and what purchases have been made by whom. When you have the database set up, you will be able to have a php script that deals with it, and you can then use AJAX in your game's JavaScript which runs the script, putting in parameters like "username" and "itemtobuy".
From there it will be able to access something like PayPal to accept a payment. Then, in your game you will be able to have it check for what purchases have been made, and it can decide what things to show up.
You could also use a service specifically for In-App purchases. Such as Google In-App purchases.

It is a lot harder to make money than people think. And the best way to make sure you do make money, is to make sure your game will appeal to people. A lot of people have the wrong idea of what kind of games will appeal to people. Too many people think it just needs to be "cool", but it actually doesn't.
It needs to be addictive. And to do that, it either needs to be simple enough to just lazily do without too much thought, or complex enough that it fucks you in the mind and you just need to keep trying until you get it right.
There's a whole lot more to it than that, but I'm just giving you some food for thought.

SATURDAY, 20 AUGUST 2011

Introduction to JavaScript

It just occurred to me that I've been going on about how to make a HTML5 game, while there's people who want to make a game who haven't even started with programming/scripting at all yet.
Before you get started with games development, you're going to want to have a little bit of experience with the coding first.

So, what I'll do here is introduce you to the basics of JavaScript. I'll go into enough that will allow you to start learning to make HTML5 games.

JavaScript is not Java. This is something too many people get confused with. JavaScript is a scripting language, whereas Java is a compiled language. JavaScript is very loosely based off of the Java language.
And when I say that Java is a compiled language, what I mean by that is, once you write the code, you have to run a compiler to then get the file that you actually run as the program. Scripting languages on the other hand are run line-by-line without compiling the whole code into a file. This means all you have to do is write the code and run the program. (In JavaScript's case, you just write the code then open the web page, and it's running)

Ok so that's what JavaScript is, now let's get into how to write code.
Here is a little snippet of code, I'll then explain it:

      
      
       
       
<script type="text/javascript">
  var string = "Hello";
  function writeSomeText() 
     document.write(string+" World");
  }
</script>

<a οnmοuseοver="this.style.cursor='pointer';" οnclick="writeSomeText();">
CLICK HERE
</a>

So, you see the <script> HTML tags. That is where the JavaScript goes in.
The first line of JavaScript there is var string = "Hello";
That line creates a variable called string, and gives it a value of "Hello". The semi-colon at the end of the line is part of the JavaScript syntax, it splits the lines up so that when the code is run, it knows how to execute it.
JavaScript is quite good with variables, because it decides itself what type a variable is. In other languages, you may have to tell it what type it is, but JavaScript automatically knows that it is a string value. And if we gave the variable a value of 500 instead of "Hello", it would have known that it was a numeric value. However, "500" is counted as a string.

Now, the next block of code is creating a function.
To make a function, you do function functionName(params) { functionCode }
In my example, I didn't give it any params (parameters), but they are basically for the purpose of passing in a variable for the function to use when you call the function. I'll get to function calling later.
The function code in my example writes text to the document screen. document is an object which holds a function called write(). It takes a parameter which the function then takes and writes to the screen.
In my example, it takes the string variable that we set outside the function, and attaches " World" to it. It joins up to make a string value of "Hello World", but does not change the value of the variable.

Function calling: Outside the <script> tags, we see an <a> element. Since there is no href attribute given, I had to manually add the code that makes the mouse cursor change to the pointer when you mouse over the link. This was done with a line of JavaScript triggered by an event. The event was onmouseover.
The other event I used was onclick, which I used to trigger a line of JavaScript which called our writeSomeText() function. This is where the JavaScript calls up the function with that name and executes the code inside the function.

So, that's my Intro to JavaScript. It's purpose is to show you the syntax, and hopefully allow you to better understand my HTML5 game development guides.
You can move onto this Full HTML5 Game Development Tutorial if you want.

MONDAY, 8 AUGUST 2011

HTML5 Game Development Tutorial

If you want to make a HTML5 game and just want a nice reference page you can go back to, or if you are a complete beginner and need to learn as much as possible step-by-step, then you're at the right place.

I also have a guide split into multiple pages here, if you prefer that: HTML5 Game Development Guide.
There's also a video tutorial for the basics of HTML5 game development: Video Intro to HTML5 Game Dev

If you don't know much about JavaScript, then have a look at the Introduction to JavaScript.

If you want to know how to make money from your games, have a look at this article:
How to Make Money From Your Games

What is the HTML5 Canvas?
How to Draw an Image to the Canvas
How to Draw Text to the Canvas
Set up a Game Loop
Keyboard Input
Mouse Input
Add Simple Game Physics
How to Rotate an Image on Canvas
Use HTML5 Audio
Conclusion of Tutorial

WHAT IS THE HTML5 CANVAS? (BACK TO TOP)

The <canvas> HTML element, which came to us in HTML5 was the first step towards HTML5 games becoming big.

The canvas allows so many things that you wouldn't have been able to do otherwise, and does it rather efficiently.

Canvas renders 2D graphics onto a given area in the browser window. It does so dynamically via scripting (i.e. JavaScript). The shapes and images which are rendered on the canvas can be manipulated in several ways. The most obvious and useful ways is rotating the image; which you would not have been able to do without the canvas, unless you did some rather inefficient and complicated php scripting to alter an image at the pixel-level to make it do a similar thing.

JavaScript has a 2D graphics API which accesses the canvas drawing area, which is how games can be written. But just because it only has a 2D API, don't let that make you think 3D isn't possible.

For a start, you could simply write your own 3D engine, which uses normal 2D functions to generate a 3D object and render the 2D projection on the canvas. Doing so just requires a bit of mathematics. But making it a huge and playable game is where it gets difficult.

You could create a whole 3D engine if you wanted, but there is a 3D graphics API available. It's called WebGL, and it does what I just described, but it simplifies it by allowing you to just call the functions, rather than having to think up all that complicated stuff yourself. It also means that the 3D engine already has optimized code, meaning it will run faster.

HOW TO DRAW AN IMAGE TO THE CANVAS (BACK TO TOP)

This is about the simplest example of the use of HTML5 canvas you can get. This is just to show how to set up a canvas and draw in it.

Firstly, you would have this in the html of the page:

<canvas id="canvas" width="400" height="400">
Browser not compatible with HTML5 canvas
</canvas>

The id of the canvas element has been set to "canvas", which is how the javascript can identify the right canvas element to manipulate.

The width and height of the canvas will be 400px.

And if an incompatible browser is used, it will display the text "Browser not compatible with HTML5 canvas".

And here is an example of the kind of javascript you could use to draw an image (you could have this in script tags or have it in a .js file and call it from src attribute of script tags):

var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
var context2D = canvas.getContext('2d');

var img = new Image();
img.src = "http://www.blogger.com/img/logo40.png";
context2D.drawImage(img, 100, 50);

So first it gets the canvas element by using the id we gave it. It then creates the 2D context with that canvas element.

It then loads a new image object and then tells it to use the image from http://filevaults.com/media/Slash/553481-smiley.png by assigning it to the src variable of the Image object.

Then it uses the 2D graphics API by calling the drawImg() function.

The first parameter of the function is looking for an image object, the second is the x-position and the third is the y-position.

So here it is (I added style="background-color: #A9A9A9;" to the canvas so you can see it properly): http://slashgame.net/html5gamedevexample1.php

HOW TO DRAW TEXT TO THE CANVAS (BACK TO TOP)

context2D.fillStyle = "white";
context2D.font = 'bold 30px sans-serif';
context2D.fillText("POINTS: "+numOfPoints, canvas.width-200, 30);

That right there is an example of drawing text to the canvas. It writes it on the top right of the canvas. That particular example is what would serve as the HUD in a game.

Here it is in practise (you get points for moving right and left): http://slashgame.net/html5gamedevexample2.php
And don't worry about the character movement code, we'll get to that very soon.

Here is a little function that draws text to the canvas with a specified position, color and font. This also shows you the different things you can do with text.
However, you may want to use this function just as a means to being able to not worry about remembering the different parts to it.

function drawCanvasText(txt, pX, pY, clr, fnt) {
 context2D.fillStyle = clr; // color
 context2D.font = fnt; // font
 context2D.fillText(txt, pX, pY); // text at position X, Y
}

Example Usage:

drawCanvasText("drawing text yas", 50, 50, "black", "bold 30px sans-serif");

SET UP A GAME LOOP (BACK TO TOP)

A game loop is the normal structure a game would be build in. This is something you would find in any kind of game, not just HTML5 games.
First it would initiate the loop (what I tend to do is trigger the initiation function when the window is loaded), then the loop would involve checking for user input, then doing what needs to be done to all the objects, then rendering/drawing the scene, and start again from checking user input.
This is an example of doing this in javascript:

const FPS = 30;

var playerPosX = 0;
var playerPosY = 0;

var playerImg = new Image();
playerImg.src = "http://filevaults.com/media/Slash/553481-smiley.png";

var canvas = null;
var context2D = null;
var keys = new Array();

window.onload = init;

window.addEventListener('keydown',keyDown,true);
window.addEventListener('keyup',keyUp,true);
function keyDown(evt){
 keys[evt.keyCode] = true;
}
function keyUp(evt){
 keys[evt.keyCode] = false;
}

function init()
{
 canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
 context2D = canvas.getContext('2d');
 setInterval(draw, 1000 / FPS);
}

function draw()
{
 if ((37 in keys && keys[37]) || (65 in keys && keys[65])){ //left
  playerPosX -= 2;
 }
 if ((39 in keys && keys[39]) || (68 in keys && keys[68])){ //right
  playerPosX += 2;
 }
 
 context2D.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
 context2D.drawImage(playerImg, playerPosX, playerPosY);
}

The code initiates the loop in the init() function, which is called as soon as the window is loaded up. This function uses the setInterval() function to call the draw() function 30 times per second (it uses the FPS variable to determine that frame rate).

It then adds an "event listener" for key being pressed, and for key being released. This means that when a key is pressed, it calls the function which adds the key's code to an array. When the key is released, another function is called which sets the value of that array element to false. This means that every time the loop comes to the point where it checks for user input, all it has to do is look in the array and see if it's there and that it is set to true.

Once it knows if the key is pressed, it then decides what to do with the playerPos variables. This is the stage where it changes the "virtual world".

Then the last stage of the loop is rendering/drawing the scene based on the "virtual world's" variables.
To do so, it clears the canvas fully then draws the image in the correct spot.

Here's the result of the example I just gave (use arrow keys or A and D to move left and right): http://slashgame.net/html5gamedevexample2.php

From the knowledge you have learned so far, you can make a simple game, if you have the ability to figure things out. However, I will continue and explain things in further detail and bring up new points of interest.

KEYBOARD INPUT (BACK TO TOP)

As explained in the Game Loop section of this post (just above this section); it goes through the loop, and each time, it checks if the key is pressed by checking an array to see if it is set to true or false.
An event listener calls a function when a key is pressed down, and sets the array element of the ASCII code of the key, and sets it to true. And another event listener checks for keys being released, and sets the element value to false.

Looking up ASCII values all the time can sometimes be a pain in the ass, so what I've done is made a little snippet of code you can paste into your code which allows you to simply call the function with the key you want to check as a parameter. This is simple enough to use.

Examples of use:
If you wanted to check if the A key is pressed down:

if (isKeyPressed('a')==true) { /* do whatever */ }

If you wanted to check for the left arrow key being pressed:

isKeyPressed('left')

For escape key:

isKeyPressed('esc')

The Code:

window.addEventListener('keydown',keyPressDown,true);
window.addEventListener('keyup',keyPressUp,true);

function keyPressDown(evt){
 keys[evt.keyCode] = true;
}
function keyPressUp(evt){
 keys[evt.keyCode] = false;
}


function isKeyPressed(checkKey) {
 
 // alphabet
 if ((checkKey == 'a' || checkKey == 'A') && (65 in keys && keys[65])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'b' || checkKey == 'B') && (66 in keys && keys[66])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'c' || checkKey == 'C') && (67 in keys && keys[67])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'd' || checkKey == 'D') && (68 in keys && keys[68])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'e' || checkKey == 'E') && (69 in keys && keys[69])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'f' || checkKey == 'F') && (70 in keys && keys[70])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'g' || checkKey == 'G') && (71 in keys && keys[71])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'h' || checkKey == 'H') && (72 in keys && keys[72])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'i' || checkKey == 'I') && (73 in keys && keys[73])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'j' || checkKey == 'J') && (74 in keys && keys[74])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'k' || checkKey == 'K') && (75 in keys && keys[75])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'l' || checkKey == 'L') && (76 in keys && keys[76])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'm' || checkKey == 'M') && (77 in keys && keys[77])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'n' || checkKey == 'N') && (78 in keys && keys[78])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'o' || checkKey == 'O') && (79 in keys && keys[79])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'p' || checkKey == 'P') && (80 in keys && keys[80])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'q' || checkKey == 'Q') && (81 in keys && keys[81])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'r' || checkKey == 'R') && (82 in keys && keys[82])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 's' || checkKey == 'S') && (83 in keys && keys[83])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 't' || checkKey == 'T') && (84 in keys && keys[84])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'u' || checkKey == 'U') && (85 in keys && keys[85])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'v' || checkKey == 'V') && (86 in keys && keys[86])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'w' || checkKey == 'W') && (87 in keys && keys[87])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'x' || checkKey == 'X') && (88 in keys && keys[88])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'y' || checkKey == 'Y') && (89 in keys && keys[89])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'z' || checkKey == 'Z') && (90 in keys && keys[90])){
  return true;
 }
 
 
 //numbers
 else if ((checkKey == '0') && (48 in keys && keys[48])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == '1') && (49 in keys && keys[49])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == '2') && (50 in keys && keys[50])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == '3') && (51 in keys && keys[51])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == '4') && (52 in keys && keys[52])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == '5') && (53 in keys && keys[53])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == '6') && (54 in keys && keys[54])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == '7') && (55 in keys && keys[55])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == '8') && (56 in keys && keys[56])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == '9') && (57 in keys && keys[57])){
  return true;
 }
 
 
 // special keys
 else if ((checkKey == 'left' || checkKey == 'LEFT') && (37 in keys && keys[37])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'right' || checkKey == 'RIGHT') && (39 in keys && keys[39])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'up' || checkKey == 'UP') && (38 in keys && keys[38])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'down' || checkKey == 'DOWN') && (40 in keys && keys[40])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'esc' || checkKey == 'ESC' || checkKey == 'escape' || checkKey == 'ESCAPE' ) && (27 in keys && keys[27])){
  return true;
 }
 
}

MOUSE INPUT (BACK TO TOP)

It's fairly simple to add mouse input to your game; just use an eventListener for the event "mousemove" and use a function that takes the event as a parameter (in my example below, I used mouseMoved(e)), and use the e.pageX and e.pageY for the mouse's X and Y position.

And for mouse clicks, just use eventListener for the "click" event, and use a function that does whatever. In the example I give, it sets the position of an image to the position of the mouse at the point it is clicked. In this case, a bullethole in the position the cursor was pointing at.

Here is the code:

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
const FPS = 60;

var canvas = null;
var context2D = null;

var cursorImg = new Image();
cursorImg.src = "images/cursorexample.png";

var bulletHoleImg = new Image();
bulletHoleImg.src = "images/bullethole.png";
var bulletHolesX = new Array();
var bulletHolesY = new Array();
for (var i=0; i<50; i++) {
 bulletHolesX[i] = -500;
 bulletHolesY[i] = -500;
}
bulletNum = 0;

window.addEventListener('mousemove', mouseMoved, true);
window.addEventListener('click', clicked, true);
var mouseX = 0;
var mouseY = 0;

window.onload = init;
function init() {
 canvas = document.getElementById('canvas1');
 context2D = canvas.getContext('2d');
 
 setInterval(draw, 1000/FPS);
}

function draw() {
 context2D.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
 for (var i=0; i<50; i++) {
  context2D.drawImage(bulletHoleImg, bulletHolesX[i]-(bulletHoleImg.width/2), bulletHolesY[i]-(bulletHoleImg.height/2));
 }
 context2D.drawImage(cursorImg, mouseX-(cursorImg.width/2), mouseY-(cursorImg.width/2));
}

function mouseMoved(e) {
 
 mouseX = e.pageX;
 mouseY = e.pageY;
 
}

function clicked(e) {
 
 bulletHolesX[bulletNum] = mouseX;
 bulletHolesY[bulletNum] = mouseY;
 bulletNum++;
 if (bulletNum > 50) {
  bulletNum = 0;
 }
 
}
</script>
</head>
<body style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">
 <canvas id="canvas1" width="600" height="480" style="background-color: #A9A9A9;">
 Browser not compatible with HTML5 canvas
 </canvas>
</body>
</html>

Here is the result: http://slashgame.net/mouseinput.php

ADD SIMPLE GAME PHYSICS (BACK TO TOP)

Even the simplest physics can make a game look and feel so much better. Instead of just suddenly moving full speed to the right when you press right key, it can be that the character builds speed until they reach normal speed. It could be a case of only taking 1-2 seconds to build the speed, or it could take more like 10 seconds. It all depends on your game.
And there's gravity. There needs to be a fairly realistic rate of falling towards the ground. I don't mean close to earth's gravity, I just mean it can't just fall at a constant speed towards the ground. It needs to accelerate. (Although, this does depend on the game. There may be certain instances where a constant velocity is fine)

So let's start with a canvas of width 500x500. So that there will be room to move, to appreciate the physics a bit more.

<canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="500" style="background-color: #A9A9A9;">
Browser not compatible with HTML5 canvas
</canvas>

Now here's the javascript:

const FPS = 30;

var playerPosX = 0;
var playerPosY = 0;
var playerVelX = 0;
var playerVelY = 0;

var onGround = 0;

var playerImg = new Image();
playerImg.src = "http://filevaults.com/media/Slash/553481-smiley.png";

var canvas = null;
var context2D = null;
var keys = new Array();

window.onload = init;

window.addEventListener('keydown',keyDown,true);
window.addEventListener('keyup',keyUp,true);
function keyDown(evt){
 keys[evt.keyCode] = true;
}
function keyUp(evt){
 keys[evt.keyCode] = false;
}

function init()
{
 canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
 context2D = canvas.getContext('2d');
 setInterval(draw, 1000 / FPS);
}

function draw()
{
 // detect user input
 if ((37 in keys && keys[37]) || (65 in keys && keys[65])){ //left
  playerVelX -= 3;
 }
 if ((39 in keys && keys[39]) || (68 in keys && keys[68])){ //right
  playerVelX += 3;
 }
 if ((38 in keys && keys[38]) || (87 in keys && keys[87])){ //up
  jump();
 }
 
 addPhysics();
 
 context2D.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
 context2D.drawImage(playerImg, playerPosX, playerPosY);
}

function jump() {
 if (onGround == 1) {
  playerVelY -= 30;
 }
}

function addPhysics() {

 // because of these two lines, motion can be set using velocity variables
 playerPosX += playerVelX;
 playerPosY += playerVelY;
 
 
if (playerPosY > canvas.height-playerImg.height) {
 onGround = 1;
}
else {
 onGround = 0;
}

// stop character from building up too much speed
// this means the character can realistically accelerate and continue at normal speed
 if (playerVelX >= 10) {
  playerVelX = 10;
 } else if (playerVelX <= -10) {
  playerVelX = -10;
 }
 
// friction
playerVelX *= 0.85;
if (playerVelX < 0.2 && playerVelX > -0.2)
{ // so that it leaves it as a clean zero when it gets to a stop.
 playerVelX = 0;
}

 // gravity (acceleration of the velocity towards the ground)
 if (onGround == 0) {
 playerVelY += 3;
 }
 else {
 playerVelY = 0; // when on ground, gravity doesn't pull you through the floor
 }
 
}

Result here: http://slashgame.net/html5physics.php

HOW TO ROTATE AN IMAGE ON CANVAS (BACK TO TOP)

Rotation is a tricky one to understand fully, especially for beginners. A lot of people prefer to just blindy accept the way of coding it, and other like to know what the heck they are actually coding. So I'll give the opportunity for both types of people here.

Firstly, I'll put this function here for you to use, this is helpful for any kind of person, but for those of you who just want the code, you only need to take the function and read my bit on how to use it. I'll then explain how rotation works, if you're interested.

Here's the function:

function drawImg(img, pX, pY, oX, oY, w, h, rot) {
 context2D.save();
  context2D.translate(pX+oX, pY+oY);
  context2D.rotate(rot * Math.PI / 180);
  context2D.drawImage(img, 0, 0, w, h, -(oX), -(oY), w, h);
 context2D.restore();
}

How it's used:
img: the image object
pX: the x position of the image
pY: the y position of the image
oX: how far across the image that the origin is
oY: how far down the image that the origin is
w: width of the image
h: height of the image
rot: angle of rotation

Ok, so it's not as simple as just "rotate image". There's a lot more to it. It's more like rotating the canvas, then setting the image's orientation, then resetting the canvas.

- So first it saves the canvas the way it is.
- Then the translate line makes the "start" of the image at the origin you want it to spin.
- It then rotates the actual canvas the amount you want the player to rotate.
- Then the image is drawn, but because the start of the image has changed place, it needs to start drawing at a different place (at the origin).
- It then brings the canvas back to where it was before, leaving the drawn image still showing as rotated.

It took me a while to figure that out at first. I was never able to find a good explanation of how it works. I just hope this helps you readers better.
Although to be honest, it isn't incredibly important that you know how it works. Just that you know how to use it.
Here's an example usage of rotation with canvas: http://slashgame.net/html5gamedevexample4.php

USE HTML5 AUDIO (BACK TO TOP)

I'll just show HTML5 Audio being used with javascript without a canvas. Using it in canvas you just include it in the javascript like normal by calling the function that plays the sound. I very much so assume that by this point you can figure that kind of thing out yourself.
The JavaScript accesses the HTML5 audio, and in effect makes an <audio> element. But it's good this way, as it's less cluttered without the tags actually being there or being created.

Example:

var boingSound = new Audio("http://slashgame.net/boing.wav");
function playSound() {
 boingSound.currentTime = 0;
 boingSound.play();
}

Notice how it sets the currentTime to 0 before playing. This is because you can't play the same sound object twice without moving the time back to the start again.

Here is a use of the result of that:
---CLICK HERE---

CONCLUSION OF TUTORIAL (BACK TO TOP)

So, by now you should be able to put your wonderful imagination to use, and put your new knowledge of HTML5 game development to practice, and create something awesome.

There may be some things that I haven't explained, but my hope is that I've explained enough so that you are able to figure new things out yourself. Things like complicated physics can be figured out with some Maths knowledge, and game design for the most part comes from your imagination and your ability to understand what people like in games.

SUNDAY, 31 JULY 2011

Another Example Site Using HTML5 Stuff

This site has a cool use of HTML5. You'll see what I'm talking about when you visit the site. It doesn't work so well on Internet Explorer (what a surprise).
Here you go: When you see it you'll shit bricks

SUNDAY, 17 JULY 2011

Snippet List

I'll be writing a bunch of snippets for you guys to use as you please. I'm sure you will find a lot of use with them for making games, and probably other stuff too.

I'll keep this list updated when I think of more stuff to put in it. And I'm open to suggestions, if you have any, you can contact me via @SlashGame on twitter (By the way, I'm more likely to see a mention than a Private Message).

Draw Image with Rotation
Draw Text to Canvas
Play Sound (HTML5 Audio)
Mouse Input
Keyboard Input
AJAX

Snippet - AJAX

This is useful for many things with HTML5 game development. You could use it as a means to pass a user's score to a php script which adds it to a database.
Or you could do it the other way round, and make it get the highscores from the database, and the function would return the script's response, which could be used to then write the scores on the canvas, or wherever.

For Example:
ajaxCall("addScore.php?username=Slash&score=500");

That would have called the php script in addScore.php, and passed in the username and score parameters.
The php script could have simply been written to take those parameters with $_GET['username'] and $_GET['score'], and insert the values into a MySQL database.

This is just a snippet. I might later make a full tutorial on how to keep a scoreboard. But this function will allow you to call any php script with AJAX and use it's responseText if necessary.

The JavaScript Code:

function ajaxCall(scriptURL) {
  var xmlhttp;
  if(window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {
    xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
  else
  {
    xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
  xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
  {
     if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
     {
       return xmlhttp.responseText;
     }
  }
  
  xmlhttp.open("GET", scriptURL, true);
  xmlhttp.send();
}

Example PHP Script:

// set up connection
$con = mysql_connect("localhost", "DBuser","DBpass") or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db("DBname", $con) or die(mysql_error());

// Get params from the url used
$username = mysql_real_escape_string($_GET['username']);
$score = mysql_real_escape_string($_GET['score']);

// insert the score into the scores table for the user
$query = "INSERT INTO scores (username, score) VALUES ('" . $username . "', '" . $score . "')";
mysql_query($query, $con) or die(mysql_error());

This example PHP script will work for the stuff I mentioned earlier, calling the JavaScript function with something like ajaxCall("addScore.php?username=Slash&score=500");

Note that this is an example to show what goes on with AJAX. However, in a professional situation, PDO would be used rather than MySQL, and jQuery would often be used in the JavaScript. Libraries are used a lot because they are already optimized code and you also have less code to write yourself.

Snippet - Keyboard Input for HTML5 Games

Examples of use:
If you wanted to check if the A key is pressed down:

if (isKeyPressed('a')==true) { /* do whatever */ }

If you wanted to check for the left arrow key being pressed:

isKeyPressed('left')

For escape key:

isKeyPressed('esc')

The Code:

window.addEventListener('keydown',keyPressDown,true);
window.addEventListener('keyup',keyPressUp,true);

function keyPressDown(evt){
 keys[evt.keyCode] = true;
}
function keyPressUp(evt){
 keys[evt.keyCode] = false;
}


function isKeyPressed(checkKey) {
 
 // alphabet
 if ((checkKey == 'a' || checkKey == 'A') && (65 in keys && keys[65])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'b' || checkKey == 'B') && (66 in keys && keys[66])){
  return true;
 }
 else if ((checkKey == 'c' || checkKey == 'C') && (67 in keys && keys[67])){
  return true;
 }

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HTML5 Game Development Tutorial

里面写到了简单的物理系统，感觉特实用，下次做游戏的时候果断会用到How to Make Money From Your Games (Adsense, Merchandise, etc.)Making a game is o
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