国家太空安全是国家安全在空间领域的表现。随着太空技术在政治、经济、军事、文化等各个领域的应用不断增加,太空已经成为国家赖以生存与发展的命脉之一,凝聚着巨大的国家利益,太空安全的重要性日益凸显[1]。而在信息化时代,太空安全与信息安全紧密地结合在一起。
2020年9月4日,美国白宫发布了首份针对太空网络空间安全的指令——《航天政策第5号令》,其为美国首个关于卫星和相关系统网络安全的综合性政策,标志着美国对太空网络安全的重视程度达到新的高度。在此背景下,美国自2020年起,连续两年举办太空信息安全大赛“黑掉卫星(Hack-A-Sat)”,在《Hack-A-Sat太空信息安全挑战赛深度解析》一书中有详细介绍,本文介绍了Hack-A-Sat黑掉卫星挑战赛的卫星任务规划制定Mission这道赛题的解题过程。
题目介绍
Help the Launchdotcom team perform a mission on their satellite to take a picture of a specific location on the ground. No hacking here, just good old fashion mission planning!
这是一道关于侦察卫星的挑战题,在给定的背景下,要求制订该卫星的任务规划,实现拍摄并下传特定目标的目的。
主办方给出了一个链接,使用netcat打开该链接后,会获取很长一段提示信息,为了便于理解,这里将提示信息区分为几部分,下面分别介绍:
(1)基本信息:侦察卫星是USA 224,给出了当前时刻、侦察卫星的TLE、要侦察的目标的经纬度(伊朗航天港),要求参赛者制订一个卫星拍照计划,从指定时间开始,在48h内取得目标的图像信息,并回传到地面站;给出了地面站的坐标(美国阿拉斯加州费尔班克斯),要求的图像数据量为120MB。
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Mission Planning Challenge
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给出了当前时刻
The current time is April 22, 2020 at midnight (2020-04-22T00:00:00Z).
给出了侦察目标(伊朗航天港)
We need to obtain images of the Iranian space port (35.234722 N 53.920833 E) with our satellite within the next 48 hours.
要求设计一个计划用来对目标拍照,同时下传照片
You must design a mission plan that obtains the images and downloads them within the time frame without causing any system failures on the spacecraft, or putting it at risk of continuing operations.
给出了侦察卫星的TLE
The spacecraft in question is USA 224 in the NORAD database with the following TLE:
1 37348U 11002A 20053.50800700 .00010600 00000-0 95354-4 0 09
2 37348 97.9000 166.7120 0540467 271.5258 235.8003 14.76330431 04
The TLE and all locations are already known by the simulator, and are provided for your information only.
Requirements
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给出了要求的照片大小及接收照片的地面站坐标(美国阿拉斯加州费尔班克斯)
You need to obtain 120 MB of image data of the target location and downlink it to our ground station in Fairbanks, AK (64.977488 N 147.510697 W).
要求给出48h的卫星任务规划
Your mission will begin at 2020-04-22T00:00:00Z and last 48 hours.You are submitting a mission plan to a simulator that will ensure the mission plan will not put the spacecraft at risk, and will accomplish the desired objectives.
(2)任务规划格式:每行是一个任务,格式是日期+时间+模式,其中由于模拟器的原因,时间的“秒”总是为0。卫星平台有以下4种模式:
- sun_point:天阳能帆板对准太阳,开始充电。
- imaging:拍照。
- data_downlink:下传照片。
- wheel_desaturate:轮去饱和,即使用机载磁传感器使航天器反作用轮去饱和,其中反作用轮用于控制卫星姿态,在本挑战题的解答过程中,不需要知道其细节。
Mission Plan
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Enter the mission plan into the interface, where each line corresponds to an entry.
You can copy/paste multiple lines at once into the interface.
给出了规划的格式,因为模拟器每分钟执行一次,所以时间中的“秒”总是为0
The simulation runs once per minute, so all entries must have 00 for the seconds field.
Each line must be a timestamp followed by the mode with the format:
2020-04-22T00:00:00Z sun_point
YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:00Z next_mode
...
要注意确保平台在这个期间是可用的
The mission will run for it's full duration, regardless of when the image data if obtained.
You must ensure the bus survives the entire duration.
Mode Information
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平台有4种模式
The bus has 4 possible modes:
- sun_point: Charges the batteries by pointing the panels at the sun.
- imaging: Trains the imager on the target location and begins capturing image data.
- data_downlink: Slews the spacecraft to point it's high bandwidth downlink transmitter at the ground station and transmits data to the station.
- wheel_desaturate: Desaturates the spacecraft reaction wheels using the on board magnetorquers.
Each mode dictates the entire state of the spacecraft.
The required inputs for each mode are already known by the mission planner.
3)卫星平台信息
- 星载计算机有95MB存储空间,也就是说要拍两次以上才能满足120MB的要求。
- 所有组件有效工作温度是0~60℃。
- 反作用轮的最大速度是7000RPM。
- 在任务执行过程中每分钟会收到一组遥测信息。
- 需要依据遥测信息不断调整模式,确保卫星平台始终可用。
Bus Informa