说明符

C++中有4种说明符:short、long、singed、unsigned

说明符short、long的使用

signed、unsigned
unsigned不保留符号位，即有一个多余的位可以用，所以比signed能存储的数大两倍。
通过规定unsigned char，可以强制使用符号位
通过sizeof运算符显示不同数据类型的大小

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    //要把诸如unsigned short看为一种数据类型
    //char
    char c;                       //1 
    unsigned char cu;             //1

    //int
    int i;                        //4
    unsigned int iu;              //4
    short int is;                 //2
    short iis;//这样定义和short int一样 
    unsigned short int isu;       //2
    unsigned short iisu;          //4
    long int il;                  //4
    long iil; 
    unsigned long int ilu;        //4
    unsigned long iilu;

    //浮点型
    float f;                      //4
    double d;                     //8
    long double ld;               //8

    //打印大小
    cout
        <<"\n char= " << sizeof(c)
        <<"\n unsigned char= " << sizeof(cu)
        <<"\n int = " << sizeof(i)
        <<"\n unsigned int= " << sizeof(iu)
        <<"\n short = " << sizeof(is)
        <<"\n unsigned short= " << sizeof(isu)
        <<"\n long= " << sizeof(il)
        <<"\n unsigned long= " << sizeof(ilu)
        <<"\n float= " << sizeof(f)
        <<"\n double= " << sizeof(d)
        <<"\n long double= " << sizeof(ld)
        <<std::endl;

    return 0;
}