流水线这个概念应该比较好理解,如一个工厂里,有一堆原料 --> 工人1加工 --> 工人2加工 --> 工人3加工 --> ... ->形成最终的产品。
下面写个简单的流水线实现的模型。
以工人2为例分析工人的整个工作过程:
循环开始:
a.等待工人1的输入,要是工人1没输入,工人2就趴在工作台上睡觉。
b.工人1有输出给工人2,发现工人2此时在睡觉呢,空闲着呢,因此工人1把东西往工人2的工作台上一扔,吼一声把工人2 叫醒。
c.工人2拿到输入后,开始忙活,一阵手忙脚乱。
此时要是工人1干得快,有输入给工人2,工人2就会嚣张得说,给老子等着,没看见老子正忙活呢!先睡觉去吧你,等老子忙完了叫你起来。工人1就老老实实睡觉去了。
d.工人2把输入加工完,就会一直等到工人3空闲了,把东西丢给工人3,才算处理完成。
e.工人2 处理完啦,就对工人1大吼一声,“给老子起来,快把东西给我,老子要干活”。(工人1醒来后第一件事当然是尽快把手头的活忙完然后把输入给工人2了。)
继续从a开始循环。
下面先从一个简单的例子开始,一步一步实现整个流水线(这里没做一些错误检查等等)。
假设现在我们有个一worker,它的任务就是接收一个数字input,如果 input>3,它就睡眠 input秒后醒来,如此循环。
error.h
#ifndef __errors_h
#define __errors_h
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef DEBUG
# define DRPRINTF(arg) printf arg
#else
# define DRPINTF(arg)
#endif
#define err_abort(code,text) do { \
fprintf(stderr, "%s at \"%s\":%d: %s\n",text, __FILE__,__LINE__,strerror(code));\
abort();\
} while(0)
#define errno_abort(text) do{\
fprintf(stderr, "%s at \"%s\":%d: %s\n",\
text, __FILE__,__LINE__,strerror(errno));\
abort();\
}while(0)
#endif
main.c
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "errors.h"
/**
worker_type,一个worker实体的数据结构。 mtx是访问整个工人实体的锁。另外工人需要两个谓词(来标注自己的状态1.has_input,是否有输入,2.has_finished,是否已经处理完)
thread_worker是工人实际工作的线程,工人有指向下一个工人的指针next。
其它成员时可选的,根据实际情况和需要,这里我设置了两个成员,一个工人的名字,还有一个整形的输入。
*/
struct worker_type{
pthread_mutex_t mtx;
pthread_cond_t cond_has_input;
pthread_cond_t cond_has_finished;
int has_input;
int has_finished;
pthread_t thread_id;
void * (*thread_worker)(void *);// The thread of this worker
struct worker_type * next;
//below if optionally, corresponding to your demands
char *name; // The worker's name
int input_data; // The input data
};
typedef struct worker_type worker_t;
/**
pipeline_type,流水线的数据结构,因为这个例子并没用到多个工人,所以这个结构还不完整。
*/
typedef struct pipeline_type{
int count;
worker_t * head;
worker_t * tail;
}pipeline_t;
/**
工人干活的线程,基本循环:
1.等待前干些准备工作;
2.等待输入;注意这里pthread_cond_timewait和pthread_cond_wait在等待的过程是这样的:首先释放锁,等待信号,拿到信号后,请求锁,直到拿到锁之后函数才返回(如果设置超时就超时后返回)。
3.处理输入;
4.发送信号,解锁
*/
void * thread_worker(void *arg)
{
//1. Before looping ,do something initial.
worker_t * worker = (worker_t *)arg;
struct timespec t;
int status;
int input;
t.tv_nsec = 0;
//2. Looping
while(1){
//2.1 Lock the worker before access its value
pthread_mutex_lock(&worker->mtx);
//2.2 Waiting for the input
while(!worker->has_input){
//2.2.1 Do something while waiting
#if 0
printf("Has something to eat? I just wait for 3s to answer\n");
t.tv_sec = time(0)+3;
// Here you can set timeout and do other thing after timeout.
status = pthread_cond_timedwait(&worker->cond_has_input,&worker->mtx,&t);
if(status == ETIMEDOUT){
printf("Nothing to eat,KFC!\n");
}
#endif
printf("Hello,can I help you?\n");
status = pthread_cond_wait(&worker->cond_has_input,&worker->mtx);
}
//2.3 Fetch the input,processing
input = worker->input_data;
printf("Oh,yes! Has something to eat! Eat it! Let me eat %d\n",input);
sleep(input);//process
worker->has_input = 0;
worker->has_finished = 1;
//2.4 After processing, send the signal and unlock the mutex
pthread_cond_signal(&worker->cond_has_finished);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&worker->mtx);
}
}
/**
下面这个是两个工人间处理工作交接的过程。
例如:工人1试图访问工人2的状态,等到工人2发信号说他把活干完了,才把东西塞给工人2,然后发送信号给工人2。
*/
void * send_input_to_worker(worker_t *worker, int input)
{
//1. Catch the lock
pthread_mutex_lock(&worker->mtx);
//printf("Input %d get lock\n",input);
//2. Waiting for the worker finish the job
while(!worker->has_finished){
// Do something while waiting, here you can use the timeout option too.
//printf("Input %d wait for eat end, unlock\n",input);
pthread_cond_wait(&worker->cond_has_finished,&worker->mtx);
}
//3. Pass the input to the worker.
//printf("Input %d get lock again\n",input);
if(input > 3){
worker->has_input = 1;
worker->has_finished = 0;
worker->input_data = input;
pthread_cond_signal(&worker->cond_has_input);
}
//4. Unlock
pthread_mutex_unlock(&worker->mtx);
return NULL;
}
/**
这个流水线并不完整,这里只初始化了一个工人,另外一个工人就是我们自己啦,main函数,接收输入然后丢给工人。
*/
void *pipe_line_start_1(pipeline_t * pipeline_p)
{
worker_t *worker_p;
pipeline_p->head = (worker_t *)malloc(sizeof(worker_t));
//initial the head worker
worker_p = pipeline_p->head;
worker_p->name = "Lucy";
worker_p->thread_worker = thread_worker;
worker_p->has_input = 0;
worker_p->has_finished = 1;
pthread_mutex_init(&worker_p->mtx,NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&worker_p->cond_has_input,NULL);
pthread_create(&worker_p->thread_id,NULL,worker_p->thread_worker,worker_p);
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
int i;
pipeline_t pipeline1;
pipe_line_start_1(&pipeline1);
while(1){
scanf("%d",&i);
send_input_to_worker(pipeline1.head,i);
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
return 0;
}
未完,待续...