Java - Try with Resources

Try with Resources

翻译来源： Eugen Paraschiv 的 Java – Try with Resources

1.概述

对Java 7中引入的对于try-with-resources的支持，允许我们声明要在try块中使用的资源，并确保在执行该块之后资源将被关闭。 声明的资源必须实现AutoCloseable接口。

2.使用 try-with-resources

简单地说，要自动关闭，必须在try中完成声明和初始化资源，如下所示：

try (PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new File("test.txt"))) {
    writer.println("Hello World");
}

3.用 try-with-resources 替换 try-catch-finally

使用新的try-with-resources功能的简单而明显的方法，是替换传统的和详细的try-catch-finally块。

让我们比较下面的代码示例 - 首先是典型的try-catch-finally块，然后是新方法，使用等效的try-with-resources块：

Scanner scanner = null;
try {
    scanner = new Scanner(new File("test.txt"));
    while (scanner.hasNext()) {
        System.out.println(scanner.nextLine());
    }
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    if (scanner != null) {
        scanner.close();
    }
}

这是使用try-with-resources的超级简洁解决方案：

try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("test.txt"))) {
    while (scanner.hasNext()) {
        System.out.println(scanner.nextLine());
    }
} catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
    fnfe.printStackTrace();
}

4.对多个资源使用 try-with-resources

通过使用分号分隔，可以在try-with-resources块中声明多个资源：

try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("testRead.txt"));
    PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new File("testWrite.txt"))) {
    while (scanner.hasNext()) {
    writer.print(scanner.nextLine());
    }
}

5.具有AutoCloseable的自定义资源

要构造一个可以被try-with-resources块正确处理的自定义资源，该类应实现Closeable或AutoCloseable接口，并重写close方法：

public class MyResource implements AutoCloseable {
    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Closed MyResource");
    }
}

6.资源关闭顺序

首先定义/获得的资源将最后关闭（先进后出）; 让我们看一下这种行为的一个例子：

资源1:

public class AutoCloseableResourcesFirst implements AutoCloseable {
 
    public AutoCloseableResourcesFirst() {
        System.out.println("Constructor -> AutoCloseableResources_First");
    }
 
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("Something -> AutoCloseableResources_First");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Closed AutoCloseableResources_First");
    }
}

资源2:

public class AutoCloseableResourcesSecond implements AutoCloseable {
 
    public AutoCloseableResourcesSecond() {
        System.out.println("Constructor -> AutoCloseableResources_Second");
    }
 
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("Something -> AutoCloseableResources_Second");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Closed AutoCloseableResources_Second");
    }
}

代码:

private void orderOfClosingResources() throws Exception {
    try (AutoCloseableResourcesFirst af = new AutoCloseableResourcesFirst();
        AutoCloseableResourcesSecond as = new AutoCloseableResourcesSecond()) {
 
        af.doSomething();
        as.doSomething();
    }
}

输出:

Constructor -> AutoCloseableResources_First
Constructor -> AutoCloseableResources_Second
Something -> AutoCloseableResources_First
Something -> AutoCloseableResources_Second
Closed AutoCloseableResources_Second
Closed AutoCloseableResources_First

先声明的先构造，方法顺序为调用顺序，close为后声明的先关闭！！

7.catch 和 finally

try-with-resources块仍然可以拥有catch和finally块 - 这将与传统的try块一样工作。

8.总结

在本文中，我们讨论了如何使用try-with-resources，如何替换try，catch，最后使用try-with-resources，使用AutoCloseable构建自定义资源以及关闭资源的顺序。