Pattern And Matcher(java)
1.什么是Pattern
pattern为正则表达式的编译表示形式,指定为字符串的正则表达式必须首先被编译为此类的实例。构造Pattern的方法是私有的,但可以通过Pattern.complie(String regex)来创建。
//构造Pattern p
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\d+");
//返回正则表达式的字符串形式
String re = p.pattern();//返回 \d+
2.Pattern 常见的方法
- split(CharSequence input)
//CharSequence 为String类的父类
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("[1-9]");
String s = "the2noble3cat's4csdn";
String[] str = p.split(s);
for (String s1 : str) {
System.out.print(s1+" ");
}
//返回值为the noble cat's csdn
- split(CharSequence input,int limit )
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("[1-9]");
String s = "the2noble3cat's4csdn";
//limit为返回的元素个数
String[] str = p.split(s,3);
for (String s1 : str) {
System.out.print(s1+" ");
}
//返回值为the noble cat's4csdn
String[] str2 = p.split(s,2);
for (String s1 : str2) {
System.out.print(s1+" ");
}
//返回值为the noblecat's4csdn
- Patter.matches(String regex,CharSequence input)
(该方法为静态方法,返回boolean值,只能用一次且匹配全部字符串)
Pattern.matches("noble","noble's csdn");//false
Pattern.matches("noble's csdn","noble's csdn");//true
- marcher(Charsequence input)
Matcher的构造方法,返回Matcher
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("[1-9]");
Matcher matcher = p.matcher("the2noble3cat's4csdn");
3.Matcher的常用方法
(Matcher只能通过Pattern的对象构造,参数为要匹配的Charsequence类型)
-
find()
-
find(int start)
返回boolean值,找到后便停止。start参数表示开始查找的索引 -
matches()
返回boolean值,对整个字符串进行匹配,只有整个字符串都匹配了才返回true -
lookingAt()
对前面的字符串进行匹配,只有匹配到的字符串在最前面才返回true -
start()
返回开始的索引 -
end()
返回结束的索引 -
group()
返回匹配到的字符串
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\d+");
Matcher m = p.matcher("aaa1999991ddd444cc");
m.start();//3
m.start();//3
m.end();//10
m.group();//1999991
- start(int group)
返回第?组匹配到的子字符串第一个字符在字符串中的索引 - end(int group)
返回第?组匹配到的子字符串的最后一个字符在字符串中的索引 - group(int group)
返回第?个字符串 - groupcount()
返回匹配到的子字符串的个数
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("([a-z]+)(\\d+)");
Matcher m = p.matcher("aaa22233bbb3332");
m.find();
m.groupCount();
System.out.println(m.start(1));//0
System.out.println(m.start(2));//3
System.out.println(m.end(1));//3
System.out.println(m.end(2));//8
System.out.println(m.group(1));//aaa
System.out.println(m.group(2));//22233
System.out.println(m.groupCount());//2
- appendReplacement(StringBuffer sb, String replacement)
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("cat");
Matcher m = p.matcher("cat catt caat ccat cats fish peguin");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while (m.find()) {
m.appendReplacement(sb, "dog");
}
System.out.println(sb.toString());
//dog dogt caat cdog dog
- appendTail(StringBuffer sb)
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("cat");
Matcher m = p.matcher("cat catt caat ccat cats fish peguin");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while (m.find()) {
m.appendReplacement(sb, "dog");
}
m.appendTail(sb);
System.out.println(sb.toString());
//dog dogt caat cdog dogs fish peguin