Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9版本(四)Ribbon

本文介绍了Ribbon作为客户端负载均衡工具的基本概念和功能,对比了它与服务器端负载均衡Nginx的区别。详细阐述了Ribbon的默认轮询算法,并展示了在创建微服务实例时的POM配置和YML配置。通过示例展示了如何在Eureka消费者应用中使用Ribbon进行服务调用,实现了通过RestTemplate进行负载均衡的HTTP请求。最后,演示了通过访问不同服务实例的测试结果。
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1.什么是Ribbon

       是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端,负载均衡的工具。简单的说,Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目,主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法和服务调用。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时,重试等。简单的说,就是配置文件中列出Load Balancer(简称LB)后面所有的机器,Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则(如简单轮询,随机连接等)去连接机器。我们很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。

2.Ribbon和Nginx的区别

Nginx是服务器负载均衡,客户端所有的请求都会交给Nginx,然后由Nginx实现转发请求,即负载均衡是由服务端实现的;Ribbon是本地负载均衡,在调用微服务接口时,会在注册中心获取注册信息服务列表后缓存到JVM本地,从而在本地实现RPC远程服务调用技术。

 

3.ribbon的默认负载均衡算法(轮询)

rest接口第几次请求 % 服务器集群总数=实际调用服务器下标位置,每次服务重启后rest接口计数从1开始。

例:有两台服务器8001和8002,第一次请求

1%2=1,请求的服务器下标是1,为8002服务器

第二次请求

2%2=0,请求的服务器下标是0,为8001服务器,以此类推。。。

 

4.创建model cloud-payment-8002,修改cloud-payment-8001

8002pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.yinuo</groupId>
	<artifactId>cloud-payment-8002</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>cloud-payment-8002</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<!--devtools热部署-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>


		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>spring-milestones</id>
			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
		</repository>
	</repositories>

</project>

8001pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.yinuo</groupId>
	<artifactId>cloud-payment-8001</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>cloud-payment-8001</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<!--devtools热部署-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>


		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>spring-milestones</id>
			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
		</repository>
	</repositories>

</project>

 8002yml文件

server:
  port: 8002
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment
  devtools:
    restart:
      enabled: true #开启热部署
eureka:
  client:
    fetchRegistry: true #是否从eurekaServer中抓取已有的注册信息,默认为ture,单节点无所谓,集群必须为ture才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
    register-with-eureka: true #注册进eurekaServer
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka-8091:8091/eureka/,http://eureka-8092:8092/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: payment-8002
    prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP地址



8001yml文件

server:
  port: 8001
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment
  devtools:
    restart:
      enabled: true #开启热部署
eureka:
  client:
    fetchRegistry: true #是否从eurekaServer中抓取已有的注册信息,默认为ture,单节点无所谓,集群必须为ture才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
    register-with-eureka: true #注册进eurekaServer
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka-8091:8091/eureka/,http://eureka-8092:8092/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: payment-8001
    prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP地址



 5.8001和8002创建相同的TestController

package com.yinuo.payment8001.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @RequestMapping("/get")
    public String get(){
        return "I am from "+serverPort;
    }
}

6.创建cloud-eureka-consumer-8000model

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.yinuo</groupId>
	<artifactId>cloud-eureka-consumer-8000</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>cloud-eureka-consumer-8000</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<!--devtools热部署-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>


		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>spring-milestones</id>
			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
		</repository>
	</repositories>

</project>

 yml文件

server:
  port: 8000
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-consumer
  devtools:
    restart:
      enabled: true #开启热部署
eureka:
  client:
    fetchRegistry: true #是否从eurekaServer中抓取已有的注册信息,默认为ture,单节点无所谓,集群必须为ture才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
    register-with-eureka: true #注册进eurekaServer
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka-8091:8091/eureka/,http://eureka-8092:8092/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: consumer-8000
    prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP地址



7.启动类加入@EnableEurekaClient注解

8.启动类注入RestTemplate,并加上@LoadBalanced注解

package com.yinuo.consumer8000;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class CloudEurekaConsumer8000Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(CloudEurekaConsumer8000Application.class, args);
	}

	@Bean
	@LoadBalanced
	public RestTemplate restTemplate(){return new RestTemplate();}
}

9.增加TestController

package com.yinuo.consumer8000.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
public class TestController {
    private static final  String PAYMENT_PATH="http://CLOUD-PAYMENT";//payment的服务名

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate template;

    @RequestMapping("consumer/get")
    public String get(){
        return template.postForObject(PAYMENT_PATH+"/get",null,String.class);
    }
}

10.整体项目结构 

 11.启动Eureka和8000/8001/8002,访问http://localhost:8000/consumer/get

第一次访问

第二次访问

注:因为在eureka的依赖里有ribbon的依赖。所以不用再次引用

 

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