1.什么是Ribbon
是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端,负载均衡的工具。简单的说,Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目,主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法和服务调用。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时,重试等。简单的说,就是配置文件中列出Load Balancer(简称LB)后面所有的机器,Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则(如简单轮询,随机连接等)去连接机器。我们很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
2.Ribbon和Nginx的区别
Nginx是服务器负载均衡,客户端所有的请求都会交给Nginx,然后由Nginx实现转发请求,即负载均衡是由服务端实现的;Ribbon是本地负载均衡,在调用微服务接口时,会在注册中心获取注册信息服务列表后缓存到JVM本地,从而在本地实现RPC远程服务调用技术。
3.ribbon的默认负载均衡算法(轮询)
rest接口第几次请求 % 服务器集群总数=实际调用服务器下标位置,每次服务重启后rest接口计数从1开始。
例:有两台服务器8001和8002,第一次请求
1%2=1,请求的服务器下标是1,为8002服务器
第二次请求
2%2=0,请求的服务器下标是0,为8001服务器,以此类推。。。
4.创建model cloud-payment-8002,修改cloud-payment-8001
8002pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.yinuo</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-payment-8002</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>cloud-payment-8002</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--devtools热部署-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
8001pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.yinuo</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-payment-8001</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>cloud-payment-8001</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--devtools热部署-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
8002yml文件
server:
port: 8002
spring:
application:
name: cloud-payment
devtools:
restart:
enabled: true #开启热部署
eureka:
client:
fetchRegistry: true #是否从eurekaServer中抓取已有的注册信息,默认为ture,单节点无所谓,集群必须为ture才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
register-with-eureka: true #注册进eurekaServer
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka-8091:8091/eureka/,http://eureka-8092:8092/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: payment-8002
prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP地址
8001yml文件
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-payment
devtools:
restart:
enabled: true #开启热部署
eureka:
client:
fetchRegistry: true #是否从eurekaServer中抓取已有的注册信息,默认为ture,单节点无所谓,集群必须为ture才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
register-with-eureka: true #注册进eurekaServer
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka-8091:8091/eureka/,http://eureka-8092:8092/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: payment-8001
prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP地址
5.8001和8002创建相同的TestController
package com.yinuo.payment8001.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class TestController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@RequestMapping("/get")
public String get(){
return "I am from "+serverPort;
}
}
6.创建cloud-eureka-consumer-8000model
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.yinuo</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-eureka-consumer-8000</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>cloud-eureka-consumer-8000</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--devtools热部署-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
yml文件
server:
port: 8000
spring:
application:
name: cloud-consumer
devtools:
restart:
enabled: true #开启热部署
eureka:
client:
fetchRegistry: true #是否从eurekaServer中抓取已有的注册信息,默认为ture,单节点无所谓,集群必须为ture才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
register-with-eureka: true #注册进eurekaServer
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka-8091:8091/eureka/,http://eureka-8092:8092/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: consumer-8000
prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP地址
7.启动类加入@EnableEurekaClient注解
8.启动类注入RestTemplate,并加上@LoadBalanced注解
package com.yinuo.consumer8000;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class CloudEurekaConsumer8000Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(CloudEurekaConsumer8000Application.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){return new RestTemplate();}
}
9.增加TestController
package com.yinuo.consumer8000.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class TestController {
private static final String PAYMENT_PATH="http://CLOUD-PAYMENT";//payment的服务名
@Autowired
private RestTemplate template;
@RequestMapping("consumer/get")
public String get(){
return template.postForObject(PAYMENT_PATH+"/get",null,String.class);
}
}
10.整体项目结构
11.启动Eureka和8000/8001/8002,访问http://localhost:8000/consumer/get
第一次访问
第二次访问
注:因为在eureka的依赖里有ribbon的依赖。所以不用再次引用