观察者模式

观察者模式：定义了对象之间的一对多依赖关系，当一个对象的状态改变时，它的所有依赖者（观察者对象）都会收到通知并自动更新。观察者模式实现了主题对象与观察者对象之间的松耦合，当有新的观察者时，无需修改主题对象的代码，只需要新的观察者对象实现接口，并向主题对象提交注册。在程序运行的过程中，可以随时注册和删除观察者而不影响主题对象。


实则上在主题对象状态发生变化时，相当于调用回调方法的形式来调用观察者对应的方法。


Java.util中观察者模式的实现：java.util.Observable类和java.util.Observer接口。（可以自己重新将两个都实现成接口）

public void notifyObservers(Object arg) {
 /*
         * a temporary array buffer, used as a snapshot of the state of
         * current Observers.
         */
        Object[] arrLocal;


 synchronized (this) {
    /* We don't want the Observer doing callbacks into
     * arbitrary code while holding its own Monitor.
     * The code where we extract each Observable from 
     * the Vector and store the state of the Observer
     * needs synchronization, but notifying observers
     * does not (should not).  The worst result of any 
     * potential race-condition here is that:
     * 1) a newly-added Observer will miss a
     *   notification in progress
     * 2) a recently unregistered Observer will be
     *   wrongly notified when it doesn't care
     */
            if (!changed)
                return;
            arrLocal = obs.toArray();
            clearChanged();
        }


        for (int i = arrLocal.length-1; i>=0; i--)
            ((Observer)arrLocal[i]).update(this, arg);
    }