Docker 常用命令

# 启动 docker 服务 
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

# 查看当前系统 Docker 信息 
docker info

# 拉取 docker 镜像 
docker pull image_name
# 从 Docker hub 上下载某个镜像 
docker pull centos:latest

# 查看宿主机上的镜像，Docker 镜像保存在 / var/lib/docker 目录下:
docker images

REPOSITORY                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql                           5.7                 1b30b36ae96a        8 days ago          372MB
zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql   centos-4.0-latest   8be5f91b2fa1        3 weeks ago         415MB
zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql      centos-4.0-latest   8e5becf45c4e        3 weeks ago         326MB

# 删除镜像 
docker rmi image_name/image_id
docker rmi zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql:centos-4.0-latest 或者 docker rmi 8be5f91b2fa1

# 查看当前有哪些容器正在运行 
docker ps
# 查看所有容器 
docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                             COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS                           NAMES
b30307ad65be        zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql:centos-4.0-latest   "docker-entrypoint.sh"   7 days ago          Exited (255) 8 minutes ago   443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   zabbix-web-nginx-mysql
0ad822cd52b7        zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql:centos-4.0-latest      "docker-entrypoint.sh"   7 days ago          Exited (255) 8 minutes ago   0.0.0.0:10051->10051/tcp        zabbix-server-mysql
d01c89a112f7        mysql:5.7                                         "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 days ago          Exited (255) 8 minutes ago   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp             mysql-server

# 启动、停止、重启容器命令：
docker start container_name/container_id
docker stop container_name/container_id
docker restart container_name/container_id

# 后台启动一个容器后，如果想进入到这个容器，可以使用 attach
docker attach container_name/container_id

# 删除容器 
docker rm container_name/container_id

# 查看容器日志 
docker logs -f container_name/container_id

# 查看容器 IP 地址 
docker inspect container_name/container_id

# 进入容器 
docker exec -it container_name/container_id bash

# 从 Docker 容器与宿主机相互传输文件 
[root@localhost tmp]# docker cp --help

Usage:	docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
	docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH

Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem

docker cp zabbix_config.sql mysql-server:/tmp
docker cp mysql-server:/tmp/zabbix_config.sql /tmp


# 批量删除所有已经退出的容器 
docker rm -v $(docker ps -aq -f status=exited)


# docker help
[root@centos7lined1 wangao]# docker help

Usage:	docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

使用USTC源加速

地址：https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/

说明：Docker Hub 镜像缓存

使用说明

Linux

对于使用 upstart 的系统（Ubuntu 14.04、Debian 7 Wheezy），在配置文件 /etc/default/docker 中的 DOCKER_OPTS 中配置Hub地址：

DOCKER_OPTS="--registry-mirror=https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"

重新启动服务:

sudo service docker restart

对于使用 systemd 的系统（Ubuntu 16.04+、Debian 8+、CentOS 7）， 在配置文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json 中加入：

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"]
}

重新启动 dockerd：

sudo systemctl restart docker

macOS

1. 打开 “Docker.app”

2. 进入偏好设置页面(快捷键 ⌘, )

3. 打开 “Daemon” 选项卡

4. 在 “Registry mirrors” 中添加 https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/

5. 点击下方的 “Apply & Restart” 按钮

Windows

在系统右下角托盘 Docker 图标内右键菜单选择 Settings ，打开配置窗口后左侧导航菜单选择 Daemon 。在 Registry mirrors 一栏中填写地址 https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ ，之后点击 Apply 保存后 Docker 就会重启并应用配置的镜像地址了。

检查 Docker Hub 是否生效

在命令行执行 docker info ，如果从结果中看到了如下内容，说明配置成功。

Registry Mirrors:
    https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/