20121009 P85

Essential Language Features

扩展方法：

1、下面是通过静态类的静态属性以及this来实现单独一个类的方法来的扩展

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    using System.Collections.Generic;

    public class Product 
    {
        public int ProductID { get; set; }
        private string name;
        public string Description { get; set;}
        public decimal Price { get; set; }
        public string Category { set; get;}

        public string Name
        {
            get { return ProductID + name;}
            set { name = value; }
        }
    }
    public class ShoppingCart
    {
        public List<Product> Products { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 下面的参数是带this的，类是静态类，怎么扩展一个类的方法
    /// </summary>
    public static class MyExtensionMethods
    {
        public static decimal TotalPrices(this ShoppingCart cartParam)
        {
            decimal total = 0;
            foreach (Product prod in cartParam.Products)
            {
                total += prod.Price;
            }
            return total;
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // create and populate ShoppingCart
            ShoppingCart cart = new ShoppingCart
            {
                Products = new List<Product> 
                {
                    new Product {Name = "Kayak", Price = 275M},
                    new Product {Name = "Lifejacket", Price = 48.95M},
                    new Product {Name = "Soccer ball", Price = 19.50M},
                    new Product {Name = "Corner flag", Price = 34.95M}
                }
            };
            // get the total value of the products in the cart
            decimal cartTotal = cart.TotalPrices();
            Console.WriteLine("Total: {0:c}", cartTotal);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

利用this和静态类来实现方法的扩展。this标志了TotalPrices方法所在的类。不好的地方是只能用在一个类中，也就是只能指定一个类。所以我们通过接口避免此弊端。

2、通过接口实现扩展方法

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Collections;

    public class Product 
    {
        public int ProductID { get; set; }
        private string name;
        public string Description { get; set;}
        public decimal Price { get; set; }
        public string Category { set; get;}

        public string Name
        {
            get { return ProductID + name;}
            set { name = value; }
        }
    }

    public class ShoppingCart : IEnumerable<Product>
    {
        public List<Product> Products { get; set; }
        public IEnumerator<Product> GetEnumerator()
        {
            return Products.GetEnumerator();//对Products进行迭代获取Product列表
        }
        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
        {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 下面的参数是带this的，类是静态类，怎么扩展一个类的方法
    /// </summary>
    public static class MyExtensionMethods
    {
        public static decimal TotalPrices(this IEnumerable<Product> productEnum)
        {
            decimal total = 0;
            foreach (Product prod in productEnum)
            {
                total += prod.Price;
            }
            return total;
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            IEnumerable<Product> products = new ShoppingCart
            {
                Products = new List<Product> 
                {
                    new Product {Name = "Kayak", Price = 275M},
                    new Product {Name = "Lifejacket", Price = 48.95M},
                    new Product {Name = "Soccer ball", Price = 19.50M},
                    new Product {Name = "Corner flag", Price = 34.95M}
                }
            }; 
            //数组也实现了枚举类型的接口。
            Product[] productArray = 
            {
                new Product {Name = "Kayak", Price = 275M},
                new Product {Name = "Lifejacket", Price = 48.95M},
                new Product {Name = "Soccer ball", Price = 19.50M},
                new Product {Name = "Corner flag", Price = 34.95M}
            }; 
            decimal cartTotal = products.TotalPrices();
            decimal arrayTotal = productArray.TotalPrices();
            Console.WriteLine("Cart Total: {0:c}", cartTotal);
            Console.WriteLine("Array Total: {0:c}", arrayTotal);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

数组实现IEnumerable<Product>接口是要注意的地方。除此之外，该方法还能带额外的参数。

3、创造过滤方法

在静态类中添加代码

     public static IEnumerable<Product> FilterByCategory(
                    this IEnumerable<Product> productEnum, string categoryParam)
            {
                foreach (Product prod in productEnum)
                {
                    if (prod.Category == categoryParam)
                    {
                        yield return prod;
                    }
                }
            }

在main函数中，添加代码：

 IEnumerable<Product> products1 = new ShoppingCart
            {
                Products = new List<Product> {
                new Product {Name = "Kayak", Category = "Watersports", Price = 275M},
                new Product {Name = "Lifejacket", Category = "Watersports", Price = 48.95M},
                new Product {Name = "Soccer ball", Category = "Soccer", Price = 19.50M},
                new Product {Name = "Corner flag", Category = "Soccer", Price = 34.95M}
                }
            };
            foreach (Product prod in products1.FilterByCategory("Soccer"))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, Price {1:c}", prod.Name, prod.Price);
            }

4.lamda表达式