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openstack特性之虚拟机实时性
虚拟机实时性特性是openstack M版本引入的。
虚拟机实时性特性,旨在改善提供低延迟的CPU调度能力。
实时性虚拟机主要用于跑需要对CPU执行延迟要求苛刻的负载。典型的如NFV场景的应用,也可以用于金融市场高频交易等场合。
原理
目前主要有以下手段改善实时性:
- CPU pinning
防止虚拟机之间互相“steal time”,从而影响CPU调度延迟。 - 主机资源
解决kernel task占用CPU,导致的CPU调度延迟。 - QEMU Emulator thread pin
解决QEMU Emulator线程占用CPU,导致的CPU调度延迟。
这个仍然会导致虚拟机部分vCPU不是实时的,Linux可以支持,但是某些实时性OS不支持。(解决方法参见文后“参考3”) - Guest VCPU调度策略
给guest vCPUs配置合适的调度策略,解决调度导致的CPU延迟。 - 使用大页
确保Guest内存不会被swap到host上。 - 防止QEMU内存swap
配置QEMU内存不被swap,避免内存swap导致的延迟。 - Qemu GA
虚拟机不能配置qemu ga,方式guest agent影响实时性。
使用注意
实时性是存在代价的。为了在最坏情况下,满足对CPU延迟的苛刻要求,整个系统的吞吐能力都要做妥协。
因此,无条件使用实时性,并不合理。只有在业务负载真的需要时,才开启这个选项。
很多情况下,仅仅使用CPU pinning就可以满足业务的对实时性的 要求。
根据社区的测试效果:
- baremetal + dedicated cpu + non-realtime scheduler
worst case latency:150微秒,mean latency:2微秒 - KVM + dedicated cpu + realtime scheduler
worst case latency:14微秒, mean latency:<10微秒
使用方法
为了达到最优的效果,需要配合使用之前的numa亲和特性、dedicated cpu pinning特性、huge page特性。
由于开启实时是有代价的,一般来说,需要通过host aggregate将支持实时和不支持实时的computes host分开。
- flavor中增加“hw:cpu_realtime=yes|no”开启实时策略
- 前提是配置了”hw:cpu_policy”为”dedicated”。
- kvm主要做了配置:1. QEMU和guest RAM lock 2. 所有的vCPUs使用固定的实时调度策略。
- flavor中增加hw:cpu_realtime_mask=^0-1参数控制emulator使用的cpu
- 这个必须配置的。
- 将某些vCPUs分配给emulator使用,且使用非实时调度策略。其他的vCPU会使用实时调度策略。(默认虚拟机会使用所有vCPU给emulator用)。
- 更进一步的在主机上固定一些pCPU供emulator使用,在P版本才完成(没仔细看,不确定做了什么事)URL。
例子
# 如果不配置cpu绑定会出现以下错误。
[stack@localhost devstack]$ openstack server create --flavor realtime --image cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-uec realtime
Cannot set realtime policy in a non dedicated cpu pinning policy (HTTP 400) (Request-ID: req-95b9c93c-cbac-4f1b-bf37-4942afa53860)
# 如果不配置配置cpu mask会出现以下错误
[stack@localhost devstack]$ openstack server create --flavor realtime --image cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-uec realtime
Realtime policy needs vCPU(s) mask configured with at least 1 RT vCPU and 1 ordinary vCPU. See hw:cpu_realtime_mask or hw_cpu_realtime_mask (HTTP 400) (Request-ID: req-0f09c25a-9f56-4baf-9519-71d5b3abae29)
openstack flavor create --ram 1024 --vcpu 4 --disk 1 realtime4
openstack flavor set --property hw:cpu_realtime=yes realtime4
openstack flavor set --property hw:cpu_policy=dedicated realtime4
openstack flavor set --property hw:cpu_realtime_mask=^0-1 realtime4
openstack server create --flavor realtime4 --image cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-uec realtime4
[stack@localhost devstack]$ sudo virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 instance-00000003 running
[stack@localhost devstack]$ sudo virsh show 3
error: unknown command: 'show'
[stack@localhost devstack]$ sudo virsh dumpxml 3
<domain type='kvm' id='3'>
<name>instance-00000003</name>
<uuid>bcd4164b-f0da-4f70-8864-6514ff5c1c54</uuid>
<metadata>
<nova:instance xmlns:nova="http://openstack.org/xmlns/libvirt/nova/1.0">
<nova:package version="15.0.4"/>
<nova:name>realtime4</nova:name>
<nova:creationTime>2017-05-05 09:14:48</nova:creationTime>
<nova:flavor name="realtime4">
<nova:memory>1024</nova:memory>
<nova:disk>1</nova:disk>
<nova:swap>0</nova:swap>
<nova:ephemeral>0</nova:ephemeral>
<nova:vcpus>4</nova:vcpus>
</nova:flavor>
<nova:owner>
<nova:user uuid="2a925cf044ec4d8daace6d716c114e2b">admin</nova:user>
<nova:project uuid="2d1d6c8084544f09a3e78b0a5f5ab323">admin</nova:project>
</nova:owner>
<nova:root type="image" uuid="fc7db502-c469-4617-85cc-13c7cc05c0ce"/>
</nova:instance>
</metadata>
<memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>
<memoryBacking>
<nosharepages/>
<locked/>
</memoryBacking>
<vcpu placement='static'>4</vcpu>
<cputune>
<shares>4096</shares>
<vcpupin vcpu='0' cpuset='0'/>
<vcpupin vcpu='1' cpuset='1'/>
<vcpupin vcpu='2' cpuset='2'/>
<vcpupin vcpu='3' cpuset='3'/>
<emulatorpin cpuset='0-1'/>
<vcpusched vcpus='2-3' scheduler='fifo' priority='1'/>
</cputune>
<numatune>
<memory mode='strict' nodeset='0'/>
<memnode cellid='0' mode='strict' nodeset='0'/>
</numatune>
<resource>
<partition>/machine</partition>
</resource>
<sysinfo type='smbios'>
<system>
<entry name='manufacturer'>OpenStack Foundation</entry>
<entry name='product'>OpenStack Nova</entry>
<entry name='version'>15.0.4</entry>
<entry name='serial'>187ec700-6ff3-4e83-87b2-9559c4406874</entry>
<entry name='uuid'>bcd4164b-f0da-4f70-8864-6514ff5c1c54</entry>
<entry name='family'>Virtual Machine</entry>
</system>
</sysinfo>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-2.7'>hvm</type>
<kernel>/opt/stack/data/nova/instances/bcd4164b-f0da-4f70-8864-6514ff5c1c54/kernel</kernel>
<initrd>/opt/stack/data/nova/instances/bcd4164b-f0da-4f70-8864-6514ff5c1c54/ramdisk</initrd>
<cmdline>root=/dev/vda console=tty0 console=ttyS0</cmdline>
<boot dev='hd'/>
<smbios mode='sysinfo'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
</features>
<cpu>
<topology sockets='2' cores='1' threads='2'/>
<numa>
<cell id='0' cpus='0-3' memory='1048576' unit='KiB'/>
</numa>
</cpu>
<clock offset='utc'>
<timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
<timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
<timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
</clock>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>
<source file='/opt/stack/data/nova/instances/bcd4164b-f0da-4f70-8864-6514ff5c1c54/disk'/>
<backingStore type='file' index='1'>
<format type='raw'/>
<source file='/opt/stack/data/nova/instances/_base/85c8d3de1cae1e1b02f19d8a745fb3a132aeb055'/>
<backingStore/>
</backingStore>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='piix3-uhci'>
<alias name='usb'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
<alias name='pci.0'/>
</controller>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='fa:16:3e:9b:4e:f5'/>
<source bridge='qbr08a5bede-6a'/>
<target dev='tap08a5bede-6a'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<alias name='net0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<source path='/dev/pts/23'/>
<log file='/opt/stack/data/nova/instances/bcd4164b-f0da-4f70-8864-6514ff5c1c54/console.log' append='off'/>
<target port='0'/>
<alias name='serial0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/23'>
<source path='/dev/pts/23'/>
<log file='/opt/stack/data/nova/instances/bcd4164b-f0da-4f70-8864-6514ff5c1c54/console.log' append='off'/>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
<alias name='serial0'/>
</console>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
<alias name='input0'/>
</input>
<input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
<alias name='input1'/>
</input>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='127.0.0.1' keymap='en-us'>
<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
</graphics>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
<alias name='video0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<stats period='10'/>
<alias name='balloon0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
<seclabel type='dynamic' model='selinux' relabel='yes'>
<label>system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c687,c779</label>
<imagelabel>system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c687,c779</imagelabel>
</seclabel>
<seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
<label>+107:+107</label>
<imagelabel>+107:+107</imagelabel>
</seclabel>
</domain>