1.Spring Application生命周期
在Spring Boot的入口类中,我们通常是通过调用SpringApplication的run方法来启动Spring Boot项目。这节我们来深入学习下SpringApplication的一些细节。
SpringApplication生命周期分为两个部分:准备阶段和运行阶段。
一、 准备阶段
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class... primarySources) {
this.sources = new LinkedHashSet();
this.bannerMode = Mode.CONSOLE;
this.logStartupInfo = true;
this.addCommandLineProperties = true;
this.addConversionService = true;
this.headless = true;
this.registerShutdownHook = true;
this.additionalProfiles = new HashSet();
this.isCustomEnvironment = false;
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
this.setInitializers(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
this.setListeners(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
this.mainApplicationClass = this.deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
1.1 配置源
构造器中this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));这行代码用于加载我们配置的Spring Boot Bean源。通常我们使用SpringApplication或者SpringApplicationBuilder的构造器来直接指定源。所谓的Spring Boot Bean源指的是某个被@SpringBootApplication注解标注的类,比如入口类。
1.2 推断应用类型
构造器中这行this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();代码用于推断当前Spring Boot应用类型。
Spring Boot 2.0后,应用可以分为下面三种类型:
- WebApplicationType.NONE:非WEB类型;
- WebApplicationType.REACTIVE:Web Reactive类型;
- WebApplicationType.SERVLET:Web Servlet类型。
1.3 加载应用上下文初始器
this.setInitializers(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class))用于加载应用上下文初始器
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
return this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class[0]);
}
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = this.getClassLoader();
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
List<T> instances = this.createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
上面代码利用Spring工厂加载机制,实例化ApplicationContextInitializer实现类,并进行排序。所以我们可以通过实现ApplicationContextInitializer接口用于在Spring Boot应用初始化之前执行一些自定义操作。
自定义初始化
- 创建一个ApplicationContextInitializer的实现类HelloApplicationContextInitializer,在initialize方法中实现自定义初始化方法。
//启动顺序
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer {
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) {
System.out.println("ConfigurableApplicationContext.id - " + configurableApplicationContext.getId());
}
}
public class AfterApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer, Ordered {
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) {
System.out.println("AfterHelloApplicationContextInitializer: " + configurableApplicationContext.getId());
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
}
}
- 在resource目录下,新建一个META-INF文件夹,新建spring.factories文件(此文件用于Spring工厂加载机制),配置需要初始化的类名:
# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
com.example.applicationdemo.initializer.AfterApplicationContextInitializer,\
com.example.applicationdemo.initializer.HelloApplicationContextInitializer
- 演示效果
1.4 加载应用事件监听器
在加载完应用上下文初始器后,下一行的setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));代码加载了应用事件监听器。与加载事件上下文初始器类似,Spring Boot也是通过Spring的工厂方法来实例化ApplicationListener的实现类,并进行排序。
自定义事件监听器
- 创建事件监听器,以上下文关闭为例,创建ApplicationListener的实现类ContextClosedEventListener。
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
public class ContextClosedEventListener implements ApplicationListener<ContextClosedEvent> {
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ContextClosedEvent contextClosedEvent) {
System.out.println("ContextClosedEvent: " + contextClosedEvent.getApplicationContext().getId());
}
}
- 在spring.factories中添加
# listener
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
com.example.applicationdemo.listener.ContextClosedEventListener
- 演示效果
1.5 推断入口类
接着构造器里的代码下一行this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();用于推断运行Spring Boot应用的入口类。查看deduceMainApplicationClass方法源码:
代码主要逻辑是根据Main线程执行堆栈判断实际的入口类。
准备阶段介绍完毕后,接下来开始介绍运行阶段。
二、 SpringApplication运行阶段
SpringApplication的运行阶段对应SpringApplication的run方法,我们查看其源码:
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
//开启时间监听
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
//是否打印Banner
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(
SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
//计算启动花费时长
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
//广播所有监听已完成启动
listeners.started(context);
//遍历所有ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner的实现类,并执行其run方法
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
} catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
} catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
2.1 开启时间监听
2.2 开启运行监听器
获取SpringApplicationRunListeners 内含SpringApplicationRunListener实例列表
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.started();
getRunListeners方法源码:
private SpringApplicationRunListeners getRunListeners(String[] args) {
Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[] { SpringApplication.class, String[].class };
return new SpringApplicationRunListeners(logger, getSpringFactoriesInstances(
SpringApplicationRunListener.class, types, this, args));
}
通过Spring工厂加载机制,从getSpringFactoriesInstances中获取到所有的SpringApplicationRunListener类型的事件监听实例,存储在SpringApplicationRunListeners 实例中,通过listeners.starting()来遍历调用所有监听实例对象的starting方法开启监听。
在Spring Boot中SpringApplicationRunListener接口用于监听整个Spring Boot应用生命周期,其代码如下所示:
public interface SpringApplicationRunListener {
//Spring 应用刚启动
void starting();
//ConfigurableEnvironment 准备完毕,允许将其调整
void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment);
//ConfigurableApplicationContext 准备完毕,允许将其调整
void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context);
//ConfigurableApplicationContext 已装载,但仍未启动
void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context);
//ConfigurableApplicationContext 已启动,此时 Spring Bean 已初始化完成
void started(ConfigurableApplicationContext context);
//Spring 应用正在运行
void running(ConfigurableApplicationContext context);
//Spring 应用运行失败
void failed(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception);
}
2.3 创建 Environment
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
在准备过程中,我们判断了应用类型,这个函数就是依据判断出的应用类型创建相应的环境对象。
类型和环境对应关系如下:
Web Reactive: StandardReactiveWebEnvironment
Web Servlet: StandardServletEnvironment
非 Web: StandardEnvironment
在prepareEnvironment方法中会执行listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);,用于遍历调用所有SpringApplicationRunListener实现类的environmentPrepared()方法,广播Environment准备完毕。
2.4 创建Context上下文对象
context = createApplicationContext();
不同的环境对应不同的ApplicationContext:
Web Reactive: AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext
Web Servlet: AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
非 Web: AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
2.5 装配Context
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
//方法源码
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
context.setEnvironment(environment);
postProcessApplicationContext(context);
applyInitializers(context);
listeners.contextPrepared(context);
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
logStartupProfileInfo(context);
}
// Add boot specific singleton beans
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null) {
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
}
if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
}
// Load the sources
Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}
首先装配应用环境,之后通过applyInitializers方法逐个执行ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize方法来进一步封装ApplicationContext,并调用所有的SpringApplicationRunListener实现类的contextPrepared方法,广播ApplicationContext已经准备完毕了。
之后初始化IOC容器,并调用SpringApplicationRunListener实现类的contextLoaded方法,广播ApplicationContext加载完成,这里就包括通过@EnableAutoConfiguration导入的各种自动配置类。
2.6 执行Runner
run方法中的这行代码callRunners(context, applicationArguments);遍历所有ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner的实现类,并执行其run方法。我们可以实现自己的ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner,来对Spring Boot的启动过程进行扩展。