自用保存
import java.util.*;
class Huffman {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HuffmanTree huffmanTree = new HuffmanTree("bibbity_bobbity");
huffmanTree.createTree();
String encoded = huffmanTree.encode();
System.out.println("Encoded String: " + encoded);
System.out.println("Decoded String: " + huffmanTree.decode(encoded));
}
}
class TreeNode {
String letter = "";
int frequency = 0;
TreeNode left = null, right = null;
public TreeNode(String letter, int frequency) {
this.letter = letter;
this.frequency = frequency;
}
public TreeNode(int frequency, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
this.frequency = frequency;
this.left = left;
this.right = right;
}
}
class HuffmanTree {
private Map<String, Integer> frequencyMap = new HashMap<>();
private Map<String, String> codeBook = new HashMap<>() , reverseCodeBook = new HashMap<>();
private TreeNode root;
private String stringToEncode;
public HuffmanTree(String stringToEncode) {
this.stringToEncode = stringToEncode;
}
public void createTree() {
// 记录频次
for (int i = 0; i < stringToEncode.length(); i++) {
String key = Character.toString(stringToEncode.charAt(i));
if (!frequencyMap.containsKey(key)) {
frequencyMap.put(key, 1);
} else {
int frequency = frequencyMap.get(key) + 1;
frequencyMap.replace(key, frequency);
}
}
// ComparingInt(o -> o.frequency) 默认升序
// 如Queue<int[]> minHeap = new PiorityQueue<>(Comparator.comparingInt(a -> a[1]));
Queue<TreeNode> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(Comparator.comparingInt(o -> o.frequency));
for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> m : frequencyMap.entrySet()) {
pq.add(new TreeNode(m.getKey(), m.getValue()));
}
while (pq.size() > 1) {
TreeNode left = pq.remove();
TreeNode right = pq.remove();
pq.add(new TreeNode(left.frequency + right.frequency, left, right));
}
root = pq.remove();
}
/***
*
* @param node 节点
* @param code 每个叶子节点的编码
*/
private void traverse(TreeNode node, StringBuilder code) {
if (node.left == null && node.right == null) { // 到达叶子节点 放入codeBook(它是个map)
codeBook.put(node.letter, code.toString());
}
if (node.left != null) {
traverse(node.left, code.append(0));
code.deleteCharAt(code.length() - 1);
}
if (node.right != null) {
traverse(node.right, code.append(1));
code.deleteCharAt(code.length() - 1);
}
}
public void printCodeBook() {
System.out.println("Code Book");
for (Map.Entry<String, String> m : codeBook.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(m.getKey() + "\t" + m.getValue());
}
System.out.println();
}
private void CodeBookReverse() {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> m : codeBook.entrySet()) {
reverseCodeBook.put(m.getValue(), m.getKey());
}
}
/***
* 编码
* @return 返回编码串
*/
public String encode() {
traverse(root, new StringBuilder());
StringBuilder encode = new StringBuilder();
// 遍历句子中的每个字母 对照codeBook翻译为bit码
for (int i = 0; i < stringToEncode.length(); i++) {
String k = Character.toString(stringToEncode.charAt(i));
encode.append(codeBook.get(k));
}
printCodeBook();
return encode.toString();
}
/***
* 当key = "0"时 检测到字典中有相对的字母 直接编码 (此时encoded串循环到"0")
* 然后key清空 直到下一轮读入"111" (此时encoded串循环到"0111")
* key清空 直到下一轮读到"0" (此时encoded串循环到"01110")
* @param encoded 已经编码的串
* @return 返回解码串
*/
public String decode(String encoded) {
StringBuilder decoded = new StringBuilder() , key = new StringBuilder();
CodeBookReverse(); // 填写reverseCodeBook 相当于把codeBook里面的键和值对调
for (int i = 0; i < encoded.length(); i++) {
key = key.append(encoded.charAt(i));
if (reverseCodeBook.containsKey(key.toString())) {
decoded.append(reverseCodeBook.get(key.toString()));
key = new StringBuilder(); // 这一步相当于某个bit编码被采用后直接丢弃
}
}
return decoded.toString();
}
}