Codecademy网学习Python第四天

  今天学习的是Function Juntion，定义一个函数。如下：

def spam():
    """prints 'Eggs' to the console"""
    print "Eggs"

def square(n):
    """Returns the square of a number."""
    squared = n**2
    print "%d squared is %d." % (n, squared)
    return squared

当有多个输出结果时，只要在定义函数时加入*号即可！如下：

def favorite_actors(*name):
    """Prints out your favorite actorS (plural!)"""
    print "Your favorite actors are:" , name    
favorite_actors("Michael Palin", "John Cleese", "Graham Chapman")

在print语句中只要name即可，不需要*号！

函数嵌套内时，只要在输出时加入你要调用的函数即可。

def one_good_turn(n):
    return n + 1
def deserves_another(n):
    return one_good_turn(n) + 2

def cube(number):
    """prints 'number's cube' to the console."""
    cube_number = number**3
    return cube_number

def by_three(number):
    """prints 'no' to the console."""
    if number%3 == 0:
        cube_number = cube(number)
        return cube_number
    else:
        return False
print "Please input an integer: "
number = raw_input()
number = (int)(number)
by_three(number)
print by_three(number)

raw_input()好像输入的是string型的数，所以要转换成int型的数才能使用所构建的函数。

系统函数的调用要用import+函数，然后在使用该函数的子函数时要用函数.子函数来表明。

import math
print math.sqrt(25)

这是第二种调用子函数的方法：

from module import function

记住function后面不用加上()号！

当然还能用它调用所有的子函数。如

import math 等价于 from math import *
但是在输出有不一样的地方

import math
everything = dir(math)
print everything

def shut_down(s):
    """return shut_down or not to the console."""
    s = s.lower()
    if s == 'yes':
        return "Shutting down..."
    elif s == 'no':
        return "Shutdown aborted!"
    else:
        return "Sorry, I didn't understand you."
shut_down('No')
shut_down('Yes')
shut_down('Year')

def distance_from_zero(NUM):
    """prints the distance from zero."""
    if type(NUM) == int or type(NUM) == float:
        return abs(NUM)
    else:
        return "Not an integer or float!"
NUM1 = 4.1
NUM2 = -4
NUM3 = 'ins'
print distance_from_zero(NUM1)
print distance_from_zero(NUM2)
print distance_from_zero(NUM3)