系统服务设计---Windows QT版

简介

Windows下c++版的服务制作方法和C#版的大同小异，不同之处就在于C++没有官方提供的服务解决方案。这个问题可以通过一个开源项目qt-solutions搞定（项目地址https://github.com/qtproject/qt-solutions）。我在linux下制作的服务也是基于qtservice的，所以下面我重点分析qtservice的使用。

P.S 我使用的qt版本是5.12.0

qt-solutions

首先，从github上下载源代码，qt-solutions，如下图。

之前没有注意到这个开源作者还有使用install-framwork，很有缘哈，嘻嘻。

下载的代码结构如下图，

项目提供了qtservice的源代码和几个example，我就拿几个example中的server做一下分析，

server中，有一个子项目qtservice，这个是所有的服务都要用到的内容，另外还有一个main.cpp，这个就是例子具体的实现代码。

//头文件
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QTcpServer>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include <QTextStream>
#include <QDateTime>
#include <QStringList>
#include <QDir>
#include <QSettings>

#include "qtservice.h"

// HttpDaemon is the the class that implements the simple HTTP server.
class HttpDaemon : public QTcpServer
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    HttpDaemon(quint16 port, QObject* parent = 0)
        : QTcpServer(parent), disabled(false)
    {
        listen(QHostAddress::Any, port);
    }

    void incomingConnection(int socket)
    {
        if (disabled)
            return;

        // When a new client connects, the server constructs a QTcpSocket and all
        // communication with the client is done over this QTcpSocket. QTcpSocket
        // works asynchronously, this means that all the communication is done
        // in the two slots readClient() and discardClient().
        QTcpSocket* s = new QTcpSocket(this);
        connect(s, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readClient()));
        connect(s, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(discardClient()));
        s->setSocketDescriptor(socket);

        QtServiceBase::instance()->logMessage("New Connection");
    }

    void pause()
    {
        disabled = true;
    }

    void resume()
    {
        disabled = false;
    }

private slots:
    void readClient()
    {
        if (disabled)
            return;

        // This slot is called when the client sent data to the server. The
        // server looks if it was a get request and sends a very simple HTML
        // document back.
        QTcpSocket* socket = (QTcpSocket*)sender();
        if (socket->canReadLine()) {
            QStringList tokens = QString(socket->readLine()).split(QRegExp("[ \r\n][ \r\n]*"));
            if (tokens[0] == "GET") {
                QTextStream os(socket);
                os.setAutoDetectUnicode(true);
                os << "HTTP/1.0 200 Ok\r\n"
                    "Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"utf-8\"\r\n"
                    "\r\n"
                    "<h1>Nothing to see here</h1>\n"
                    << QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString() << "\n";
                socket->close();

                QtServiceBase::instance()->logMessage("Wrote to client");

                if (socket->state() == QTcpSocket::UnconnectedState) {
                    delete socket;
                    QtServiceBase::instance()->logMessage("Connection closed");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    void discardClient()
    {
        QTcpSocket* socket = (QTcpSocket*)sender();
        socket->deleteLater();

        QtServiceBase::instance()->logMessage("Connection closed");
    }

private:
    bool disabled;
};


//HttpService继承自QtService，使得HttpService具备服务响应能力
class HttpService : public QtService<QCoreApplication>
{
public:
    HttpService(int argc, char **argv)
	: QtService<QCoreApplication>(argc, argv, "Qt HTTP Daemon")
    {
        setServiceDescription("A dummy HTTP service implemented with Qt");
        setServiceFlags(QtServiceBase::CanBeSuspended);
    }

protected:

//start，pause，stop等函数 继承自QtService
    void start()
    {
        QCoreApplication *app = application();

#if QT_VERSION < 0x040100
        quint16 port = (app->argc() > 1) ?
                QString::fromLocal8Bit(app->argv()[1]).toUShort() : 8080;
#else
        const QStringList arguments = QCoreApplication::arguments();
        quint16 port = (arguments.size() > 1) ?
                arguments.at(1).toUShort() : 8080;
#endif
        daemon = new HttpDaemon(port, app);

        if (!daemon->isListening()) {
            logMessage(QString("Failed to bind to port %1").arg(daemon->serverPort()), QtServiceBase::Error);
            app->quit();
        }
    }

//
    void pause()
    {
	daemon->pause();
    }

    void resume()
    {
	daemon->resume();
    }

private:
    HttpDaemon *daemon;
};

#include "main.moc"

//main函数也很简单 
//设置了log路径
//启动HttpService
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
#if !defined(Q_OS_WIN)
    // QtService stores service settings in SystemScope, which normally require root privileges.
    // To allow testing this example as non-root, we change the directory of the SystemScope settings file.
    QSettings::setPath(QSettings::NativeFormat, QSettings::SystemScope, QDir::tempPath());
    qWarning("(Example uses dummy settings file: %s/QtSoftware.conf)", QDir::tempPath().toLatin1().constData());
#endif
    HttpService service(argc, argv);
    return service.exec();
}

编译代码，可以得到httpservice.exe。

使用上一节用到的bat文件，即可创建服务和启动服务。

写的有点乱，总结一下哈，

1. 因为qt没有提供诸如.net那样创建service的接口，所有转向开源库寻求帮助，qt-solution提供的接口可用。
2. 使用qt-solution创建服务的方式和.net非常类似，
   1. 创建类继承自QtService
   2. 重写start/stop/resume等接口。
   3. 在新创建的类中添加事务逻辑。
3. 编译生成的exe文件。
4. 使用bat文件创建启动停止删除服务。

下一节，我介绍linux下使用qt制作系统服务