java解决线程安全问题的三种方式

第一种解决方案：使用同步代码块

将方法代码写在返回值为synchronized的方法中

public synchronized void xxx(){}中

class Windows extends Thread{
    private static  int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        sellTicket();
    }
        //重复执行
        public synchronized void sellTicket() {
            while(true){
                if (ticket > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(50);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "买票，票号为：" + ticket);
                    ticket--;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

public class WindowsTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Windows win = new Windows();
        
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(win,"窗口一");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(win,"窗口二");
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(win,"窗口三");

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
    }

}

第二种解决方案：使用lock同步锁

当同步方法为非静态方法时，同步锁为类名.class 当同步方法时静态的方法时，同步锁为字节码对象 例如 Object lock = new Object();

Lock需要手动的启动同步（lock()），同时结束同步也需要手动的实现（unlock（））

/**
 * @author Clark
 * @create 2021-12-14 17:05
 */
public class WindowsTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Windows2 win = new Windows2();

        new Thread(win,"一号窗口").start();
        new Thread(win,"二号窗口").start();
        new Thread(win,"三号窗口").start();
    }

}
class Windows2 implements Runnable {
    private static int ticket = 100;
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //重复执行
        while (true) {
            lock.lock();
            if (ticket > 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(50);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                ticket = ticket - 1;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "买票，余票为：" + ticket);
                lock.unlock();
            }else{
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

第三种解决方案：同步方法

class Windows extends Thread{
    private static  int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //重复执行
        synchronized (this) {
            while (true) {
                if (ticket > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(50);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    ticket--;
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "买票，票号为：" + ticket);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

public class WindowsTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Windows win = new Windows();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(win, "窗口一");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(win, "窗口二");
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(win, "窗口三");

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
    }

}