Android四大组件之ContentProvider----数据共享

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-02 14:44:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-02 14:44:59 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hanhan1016/article/details/50599592

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1.ContentProvider概念

目的：在应用程序之间交换（共享）数据。

当一个应用程序需要把自己的数据暴露给其他程序使用时，该应用程序就可以通过提供ContentProvider来实现；

其他应用程序可以通ContentResolve来操作ContentProvider暴露的数据。

一个应用程序通过 ContentProvider暴露了自己的数据操作接口，那么不管该应用程序是否启动，其他应用程序都可以通过该接口来操作该应用程序的内部数据。

2.开发 ContentProvider的步骤

（1）定义自己的 ContentProvider类，需要继承 ContentProvider基类，实现一系列方法。

（2）在Manifest文件中注册该 ContentProvider。

3.主要实现方法

OnCreate：在 ContentProvider创建后会被调用，当其他应用程序第一次访问 ContentProvider时，该 ContentProvider会被创建，并立即回调该OnCreate方法。一般在onCreate方法中打开数据库。

insert：插入

delete：删除

update：更新

query：查询

4.Uri概念

例：content://mstar.tv.usersetting.backup/systemsetting

包括3个部分：

content：// Android规定

mstar.tv.usersetting.backup ContentProvider的authority，系统根据这个来找到操作哪个ContentProvider

systemsetting 资源（数据部分），当访问者需要访问不同的数据时，这个部分是变化的

Android 提供的Uri工具类提供了parse()静态方法将一个字符串转换成Uri

Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://xxx/xx");

5. UriMatcher工具类

开发 ContentProvider时实现的增删改查方法都需要一个Uri参数，该参数决定了对哪个Uri执行数据操作。

为了确定该 ContentProvider实际能匹配的Uri，以及确定每个方法中Uri参数所操作的数据，Android提供了UriMatcher工具类。

提供2个主要方法：

void addURI(String authority,String path,int code)    //像UriMatcher对象注册Uri，其中authority和path组成一个Uri

int matcher(Uri uri)      //根据注册的Uri来判断指定Uri的标识码，找不到则返回-1

 public static final String AUTHORITY = "mstar.tv.usersetting";
 private static final UriMatcher s_urlMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
 private static final int URL_VideoSetting = 180;
 private String VideoSetting = "tbl_VideoSetting";
 s_urlMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "videosetting", URL_VideoSetting);
 public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
        int match = s_urlMatcher.match(uri);
        switch (match) {
            case URL_VideoSetting:
                qb.setTables(VideoSetting);
                break;
            case URL_VideoSetting_ID:
                qb.setTables(VideoSetting);
                qb.appendWhere("InputSrcType = " + uri.getLastPathSegment());
                break;
            case URL_DlpSetting:
                qb.setTables(DlpSetting);
                break;
        }
       Cursor c = qb.query(userSettingDB, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null,
                            sortOrder);
        c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
        return c;
    }

6.使用ContentResolver来操作数据

 Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(
            Uri.parse("content://mstar.tv.factory/nonlinearadjust"), null,
            "InputSrcType = " + com.GetCurrentInputSource().ordinal(), null,
            "CurveTypeIndex");

ContentResolver调用query等方法，实际上是调用制定Uri对应的ContentProvider的query等方法。

7.ContentObserve介绍

为了在应用程序中监听ContentProvider数据的改变，需要利用Android提供的ContentObserver类

监听ContentProvider数据改变的监听器需要继承ContentObserver类，并重写该类所定义的onChange(boolean selfChange)方法----当它所监听的ContentProvider数据发生改变时，该onChange将会被触发。

为了监听指定 ContentProvider的数据变化，需要通过ContentResolver 像指定Uri注册 ContentObserver监听器。

ContentResolver提供如下方法来注册监听器：

registerContentObserver(Uri uri,boolean notifyForDescendents,ContentObserver observer)

uri：该监听器所监听的 ContentProvider的Uri

notifyForDescendents：如果该参数设置为true，假如注册监听的Uri为content://abc，那么Uri为content://abc/xyz， content://abc/xyz/foo的数据改变时也会触发该监听器；如果设置为false，假如注册监听的Uri为content://abc，那么只有 content://abc的数据发生改变时会触发该监听器。

observer：监听器实例。

public final static short T_VideoSetting_IDX = 0x22;  
 private TVObserver observer_VideoSetting = new TVObserver(handler,
        DataBaseDesk.T_VideoSetting_IDX);
 private class TVObserver extends ContentObserver
    {
        private int matchIdx = 0;
        public TVObserver(Handler handler, int observerIdx)
        {
            super(handler);
            matchIdx = observerIdx;
        }
        public void onChange(boolean selfChange)
        {
            Log.e("DataBaseDeskImpl", "===========>>>> now change Index = "
                + matchIdx);
            switch (matchIdx)
            {
                case DataBaseDesk.T_VideoSetting_IDX:
                    queryAllVideoPara(CommonDeskImpl.getInstance()
                        .GetCurrentInputSource().ordinal());
                    break;
                case DataBaseDesk.T_SystemSetting_IDX:
                    queryUserSysSetting();
                    break;
                case DataBaseDesk.T_SubtitleSetting_IDX:
                    queryUserSubtitleSetting();
                    break;
                case DataBaseDesk.T_USER_COLORTEMP_EX_IDX:
                    queryUsrColorTmpExData();
                    break;
                case DataBaseDesk.T_BackLightSetting_IDX:
                    queryFactoryBackLightSettingData();
                    break;
                case DataBaseDesk.T_FacrotyColorTempEx_IDX:
                    queryFactoryColorTempExData();
                    break;
            }
        }
   }

 getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(
            Uri.parse("content://mstar.tv.usersetting/videosetting/"), true,
            observer_VideoSetting);

8.实例

public class TvSystemBackupProvider extends ContentProvider {

	private final String TAG = "TvSystemBackupProvider";

	private SQLiteDatabase SystemBackupDB;
	private HandlerThread systemBackupThread = new HandlerThread(
			"com.mstar.android.tv.system.backup.handler");
	private Handler systemBackupHandler = null;
	public static final String AUTHORITY_SYSTEM_BACKUP = "mstar.tv.system.backup";
	private static final UriMatcher system_backup_urlMatcher = new UriMatcher(
			UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
	private static final int dbRefreshCNT = 30;
	private static final int URL_BACKUP_BackLightSetting = 0;
	private static final int URL_BACKUP_BackLightSetting_ID = 1;
	private static final int URL_BACKUP_FactoryColorTemp = 4;
	private String BackLightSetting = "tbl_BackLightSetting";
	
	static {
		system_backup_urlMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY_SYSTEM_BACKUP,
				"backlightsetting", URL_BACKUP_BackLightSetting);
		system_backup_urlMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY_SYSTEM_BACKUP,
				"backlightsetting/panelid/#", URL_BACKUP_BackLightSetting_ID);

	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreate() {
		openDB();
		systemBackupThread.start();
		systemBackupHandler = new Handler(systemBackupThread.getLooper());
		return (SystemBackupDB == null) ? false : true;
	}

	@Override
	public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
			String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
		SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();

		int match = system_backup_urlMatcher.match(uri);
		switch (match) {
		case URL_BACKUP_BackLightSetting: {
			qb.setTables(BackLightSetting);
			break;
		}
		case URL_BACKUP_BackLightSetting_ID: {
			qb.setTables(BackLightSetting);
			qb.appendWhere("PanelID = " + uri.getLastPathSegment());
			break;
		}
		}

		Cursor c = qb.query(SystemBackupDB, projection, selection, null, null,
				null, sortOrder);
		c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
		return c;
	}

	@Override
	public int delete(Uri uri, String where, String[] whereArgs) {
		return -1;
	}

	@Override
	public String getType(Uri uri) {
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String where,
			String[] whereArgs) {
		return 0;
	}

	private void openDB() {
		int retry = 0;
		if ((SystemBackupDB == null) || (!SystemBackupDB.isOpen())) {
			while (retry < 20) {
				try {
					SystemBackupDB = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(
							"/svtfilesystem/SysDatabaseBackup/system.db", null,
							SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY
									| SQLiteDatabase.NO_LOCALIZED_COLLATORS);
				} catch (SQLiteException e) {
					Log.e(TAG, "================>>>>>> open db fail,retry ...");
					retry++;
					SystemBackupDB = null;
					if (retry >= 20) {
						Log.e("SystemProvider",
								"!!!!!!!!!!open db fail,Please check sw bug!!!!!!!!");
					}
				} finally {
					if (SystemBackupDB != null) {
						Log.e("SystemProvider",
								"================>>>>>> open db success");
						retry = 20;
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	private void closeDB() {
		SystemBackupDB.close();
	}

	@Override
	public void shutdown() {
		super.shutdown();
		closeDB();
	}

}

  <provider android:name="com.mstar.android.providers.tvbackup.TvSystemBackupProvider"
            android:authorities="mstar.tv.system.backup"
            android:syncable="false" android:multiprocess="false"
            android:exported="true"
            android:permission="com.mstar.android.permissionn.ACCESS_TV_DATA"/>