Segment Routing: Alternate of LDP and RSVP 段路由：替代LDP和RSVP协议的技术

Segment Routing: Alternate of LDP and RSVP

段路由：替代LDP和RSVP协议的技术

A typical service provider network is having a customer edge router (CE), provider edge (PE), provider (P) and route reflector (RR) routers. Protocols used by Service Provider are OSPF/ISIS for IGP, MP-BGP for VPN, LDP for Labels and RSVP-TE for steering the particular traffic or reserving bandwidth for specific application or destination.

一个典型的业务承载网络包括CE、PE、P以及RR路由器，通常采用OSPF/ISIS作为IGP协议，MP-BGP传递VPN信息，LDP分发标签以及采用RSVP-TE特定应用或目的地的流量工程和带宽预留。

Problems with the existing network:-

现网存在的问题：

1. Forwarding is happening on the basis of destination not as per the requirement of source.

基于目的地址的转发机制，而不能基于每个源端的需求。

2. Source can never dynamically demand the bandwidth and delay for reaching out particular application. (This can be done by using RSVP-TE but this is more a static task rather than dynamic task)

源在满足特定应用的带宽和延时需求时，不能动态实现。（通过RSVP-TE可以实现，但是通常是静态的，而非动态的）

3. All the signaling is happening hop by hop.

所有的信令是逐跳产生和传递的。

4. In case of any link congestion, traffic can’t be steered automatically.

在任一链路拥塞时，不能自动地调控流量路径。

5. To provide guaranteed bandwidth, full mesh RSVP-TE need to be implemented either in the core or edge or in the full SP network. This requires lot of resources.

为了提供保证性的带宽，全连接的RSVP-TE需要部署，不管是网络的核心层还是接入层还是整个SP网络，资源非常浪费。

6. As we are moving towards the application world but don’t see any kind of linkage between the network and application world.

当我们关注某个应用时不能了解该应用与网络之间的链路情况。

7. Online or Proactive Capacity Planning

在线或者主动的网络容量规划（需求）

8. In the current topology, SP can’t define the dual-plane networks.

利用现有技术，SP不能驾驭双平面网络（的流量优化）

Can Segment Routing help to overcome the existing issues?

段路由是否能够解决存在的问题？

Segment Routing (SR - IETF Draft) enables any node to select any explicit path for each of its traffic classes. This explicit path does not depend on a hop-by-hop signaling technique (neither LDP nor RSVP). It only depends on a set of "segments" that are advertised by the link-state routing protocol (IS-IS/OSPF). These segments act as topological sub-paths that can be combined together to form the desired explicit path. There are two forms of segments: nodal and adjacency. A nodal segment represents a path to a node. An adjacency segment represents a specific adjacency to a node. A nodal segment is typically a multi-hop path while an adjacency segment is a one-hop path.

段路由（SR）允许任何节点为每个流量类型选择任何显式路径。这个显式路径不依赖于逐跳的信令协议（LDP或RSVP），仅仅依赖于一系列通过链路状态协议（ISIS或OSPF)通告的"段（Segment）"信息，所需的显式路径就是由这些表征拓扑子路径的”段“组合而成。SR有两种段类型：节点段和邻居段。节点段用于描述到达节点的路径，邻居段用于描述到达节点的特定邻居。节点段通常是多跳路径，邻居段是单跳路径。

The utmost Advantage of using Segment Routing helps service provider to reduce the complexity of network by reducing the number of protocols. As we are moving towards the application world, this can be easily integrated with applications world to take dynamic decisions. Analytics seems to be a big factor behind this because that is node which helps to take dynamic decision. Along with this Segment Routing provides automatic traffic protection without implementing FRR.

使用短路有最大的优势在于通过减少路由协议数量来降低SP的网络复杂度。当我们将目光移到应用层时，能够非常简单实现网络与应用层实现整合，并能基于网络状态动态地作出决断，节点之所以能够动态地作出决策是依靠后台的分析能力。与此同时，段路由能够在不部署FRR的前提下实现流量的动态保护。