delphi小技巧集锦

function GetKbStatus():string; //返回当前键盘状态，包括NumLoce、Caps Lock、Insert //每个状态信息占两个字符，顺序为:NumLoce、Caps Lock、Insert //Copy Right 549@11:29 2003-7-22 var Status:string;     KeyStates:TKeyboardState; begin   GetKeyboardState(KeyStates);   if Odd(KeyStates[VK_NUMLOCK])then     Status:='数字'   else     Status:='光标';   if Odd(KeyStates[VK_CAPITAL]) then     Status:=status+'大写'   else     Status:=status+'小写';   if Odd(KeyStates[VK_INSERT]) then     Status:=status+'插入'   else     Status:=status+'改写';   Result:=Status; end;   小技巧： const ErrHead='操作出现错误，错误信息为：'+#13   try   ...    except      on E: Exception do showmessage(ErrHead+E.Message+#13+'当前操作为：xxxxx');   end; 可以让用户看到更多的错误信息，有助于客户反馈程序错误。   俺写得比较菜的，但是经常用的就是： //>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> //执行Sql //输入参数：SqlString, ADOQuery //类型：    string,    TADOQuery procedure TMainForm.ExeSql(SqlString: string; ADOQuery: TADOQuery); begin     with ADOQuery do     begin         Connection := DM.DBAccinfo;//这个是我的，可以添加用的connection                                    //或者用use也可以。         if Active then             Active := False;         Open;         SQL.Clear;         SQL.Add(SqlString);         ExecSQL;         Close;     end; end; 可能大家都知道这个。不过，我见过的代码里面， 好像很少人这么来写这么独立出来一个过程。 这个保证我自己原创…… //Open Adoquery //根据reallike(爱翔(只有lizzy可以叫其他人不能)) 的过程改编 //支持多行sql //可根据需要自己修改成只支持单行sql的过程，或者exesql过程 //Delphi6下测试通过。 procedure OpenSql(SqlString: tstrings; ADOQuery: TADOQuery); var i:integer; begin   with ADOQuery do     begin       Close;       SQL.Clear;       for i:=0 to sqlstring.Count-1 do       SQL.Add(SqlString[i]);       try         Open;       except         on e:exception do showmessage('错误：信息如下'+#13+e.Message);       end;   end; end; 这个是单行sql的 procedure OpenSql1(SqlString: string; ADOQuery: TADOQuery); begin   with ADOQuery do     begin       Close;       SQL.Clear;       SQL.Add(SqlString);       try         Open;       except         on e:exception do showmessage('错误：信息如下'+#13+e.Message);       end;   end; end; 嗬嗬，谢谢帮我修理这个东西。 不过你不使用Execsql吗？ 我一般都在这个过程外面加try也就是引用他的地方。 也就是 Try   Exesql(sqlstring, Adoquery1) except   //错误提示，乱七八糟的东西。 end to: reallike(爱翔(只有lizzy可以叫其他人不能)) ExecSql的我也做了 //ExecSql Adoquery //支持多行sql //可根据需要自己修改成只支持单行sql的过程，或者exesql过程 //Delphi6下测试通过。 procedure ExeSql(SqlString: tstrings; ADOQuery: TADOQuery); var i:integer; begin   with ADOQuery do begin     Close;     SQL.Clear;     for i:=0 to sqlstring.Count-1 do     SQL.Add(SqlString[i]);     try       ExecSql;     except       on e:exception do showmessage('错误：信息如下'+#13+e.Message);     end;   end; end; //我觉得except放在哪里都一样，放在外面好一点，因为，你可以添加一些其他的调试信息 //你说呢？ //有没有人把执行单行和执行多行的这两个过程合并成一个，那样就好了。 我也来两个，可以根据自己的需要进行增删，不过是针对DBGridEh的： //动态建立Col procedure BuildCol(vFieldName: string; vCaption: string; vWidth: Integer; var   vGrid: TDBGridEh; iTag: Integer = 0;   FooterType: TFooterValueType = fvtNon; FooterText: string = '';   boolReadOnly: Boolean = True; vColor: TColor = clBtnFace); var   cCol: TDBGridColumnEh;   cFooterCol: TColumnFooterEh; begin   cCol := TDBGridColumnEh.Create(vGrid.Columns);   cCol.FieldName := vFieldName;   cCol.Width := vWidth;   cCol.Title.Caption := vCaption;   cCol.Title.Alignment := taCenter;   cCol.Title.Color := vColor;   cCol.ReadOnly := boolReadOnly;   //如果tag值为-1，则打印dbgrid时不打印该列   cCol.Tag := iTag;   if FooterType <> fvtNon then   begin     cFooterCol := cCol.Footers.Add;     cFooterCol.ValueType := FooterType;     if FooterType = fvtStaticText then     begin       vGrid.FooterRowCount := 1;       cFooterCol.Value := FooterText;     end;     //cCol.Footer.FieldName:=;   end; end; procedure TitleBtnClick(Sender: TObject; ACol: Integer;   Column: TColumnEh; cdsHelper: TClientDataSetHelper); var   cdsTmp: TClientDataSet; begin   with (Sender as TDBGridEh) do   begin     cdsTmp := (DataSource.DataSet as TClientDataSet);     if not cdsTmp.Active then Exit;     //设置当前行的排序方式     if Column.Title.SortMarker = smNoneEh then     begin       Column.Title.SortMarker := smUpEh;       cdsHelper.SortByField(Column.FieldName, soAscending);     end     else       if Column.Title.SortMarker = smUpEh then       begin         Column.Title.SortMarker := smDownEh;         cdsHelper.SortByField(Column.FieldName, soDescending);       end       else       begin         Column.Title.SortMarker := smNoneEh;         cdsHelper.SortByField(Column.FieldName, soNoSort);       end;   end; end; 将DBGrid中各列的位置以及宽度记录入Ini文件，以及从Ini文件读取DBGrid中各列位置以及宽度的函数 procedure f_ReadIni(const Now_DBGrid:TDBGrid;Form_Name:String); var   FilePath:String;   MyIniFile:Tinifile;   Grid_Name,Field_Name:String;   Width:integer;   i,j,n:integer;   Column:Array[0..100] of String;   Widths:Array[0..100] of integer; begin   FilePath := ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName);   MyIniFile:=TiniFile.Create(FilePath+'gsp.ini');   Grid_Name :=Form_Name+','+Now_DBGrid.Name;   n:= Now_DBGrid.Columns.Count-1 ;   for i:=0 to 100 do column[i]:='';   for i:=0 to n do   begin     Field_Name:=Now_DBGrid.Columns[i].FieldName;     j:=MyIniFile.ReadInteger(Grid_Name,Field_Name,i);     Column[j]:=Field_Name;     Widths[j] :=MyIniFile.ReadInteger(Grid_Name,Field_Name+'_Width',Now_DBGrid.Columns[i].Width);   end;   for i:=0 to n do   begin     Now_DBGrid.Columns[i].FieldName := Column[i];     Now_DBGrid.Columns[i].Width := Widths[i];   end;   MyIniFile.Destroy; end; procedure f_WriteIni(const Now_DBGrid:TDBGrid;Form_Name:String); var   FilePath:String;   MyIniFile:Tinifile;   Grid_Name,Field_Name:String;   Width:Integer;   i:integer; begin   FilePath := ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName);   MyIniFile:=TiniFile.Create(FilePath+'gsp.ini');   Grid_Name :=Form_Name+','+Now_DBGrid.Name;   for i:=0 to Now_DBGrid.Columns.Count-1 do   begin     Field_Name := Now_DBGrid.Columns[i].FieldName;     Width := Now_DBGrid.Columns[i].Width;     MyIniFile.WriteInteger(Grid_Name,Field_Name,i);     MyIniFile.WriteInteger(Grid_Name,Field_Name+'_Width',Width);   end;   MyIniFile.Destroy; end;   很久以前写得的，现在我都用类封装了。 unit MyFunc; interface uses   Windows, SysUtils, MMSystem, WinSvc, Registry; function CopyStrLeft(ch: Char; str: string): string; function CopyStrRight(ch: Char; str: string): string; function GetSelfPath: string; procedure HideTask(bHide: Boolean); function SoundCardInstalled: Boolean; function GetHostIP: String; procedure DisableSvc(SvcName: string); function GetRegisteredOwner: string; function GetRegisteredOrganization: string; implementation function RegisterServiceProcess(dwProcessID, dwType: Integer): Integer; stdcall; external 'KERNEL32.DLL'; function CopyStrLeft(ch: Char; str: string): string; begin   Result:= Copy(str, 1, Pos(ch, str)-1) end; function CopyStrRight(ch: Char; str: string): string; begin   Result:= Copy(str, Pos(ch, str)+1, Length(str)-Pos(Ch, str)+1) end; function GetSelfPath: string; begin   Result:= ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) end; procedure HideTask(bHide: Boolean); begin   if bHide then RegisterServiceProcess(GetCurrentProcessID, 1)            else RegisterServiceProcess(GetCurrentProcessID, 0); end; function SoundCardInstalled: Boolean; begin   Result:= WaveOutGetNumDevs >0 end; function GetHostIP: String; type   TaPInAddr = Array[0..10] of PInAddr;   PaPInAddr = ^TaPInAddr; var   phe: PHostEnt;   pptr: PaPInAddr;   Buffer: Array[0..63] of Char;   I: Integer;   GInitData: TWSAData; begin   WSAStartup($101,GInitData);   GetHostName(Buffer,SizeOf(Buffer));   phe:= GetHostByName(buffer);   if phe = nil then Exit;   pPtr:= PaPInAddr(phe^.h_addr_list);   I:= 0;   Result:=inet_ntoa(pptr^[I]^);   WSACleanup; end; procedure DisableSvc(SvcName: string); var    scMngr: THandle;    scSvc: THandle; begin   scMngr:= OpenSCManager(nil, nil, sc_Manager_all_Access);   scSvc:= OpenService(scMngr, SvcName, SERVICE_CHANGE_CONFIG);   ChangeServiceConfig(scSvc,     SERVICE_NO_CHANGE,     SERVICE_DISABLED,     SERVICE_NO_CHANGE,     nil,nil,nil,nil,nil,nil,nil);   CloseServiceHandle(scSvc); end; function GetRegisteredOwner: string; var   OSVersion: TOSVersionInfo;   sWinKey: string; begin   OSVersion.dwOSVersionInfoSize := SizeOf(OSVersion);   GetVersionEx(OSVersion);   case OSVersion.dwPlatformID of     VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS: sWinKey := '/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion';     VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT:      sWinKey := '/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion';   end;   with TRegistry.Create do   try     RootKey := HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE;     OpenKey(sWinKey, False);     Result := ReadString('RegisteredOwner');   finally      Free;   end; end; function GetRegisteredOrganization: string; var   OSVersion: TOSVersionInfo;   sWinKey: string; begin   OSVersion.dwOSVersionInfoSize := SizeOf(OSVersion);   GetVersionEx(OSVersion);   case OSVersion.dwPlatformID of     VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS: sWinKey := '/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion';     VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT:      sWinKey := '/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion';   end;   with TRegistry.Create do   try     RootKey := HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE;     OpenKey(sWinKey, False);     Result := ReadString('RegisteredOrganization');   finally      Free;   end; end; end. 先放几个 //删除某目录下所有指定扩展名文件 function DelFile(sDir,fExt: string): Boolean; var    hFindFile: HWND;    FindFileData: WIN32_FIND_DATA;    sr: TSearchRec; begin   sDir:= sDir + '/';   hFindFile:= FindFirstFile(pchar(sDir + fExt), FindFileData);   if hFindFile <> NULL then     begin       deletefile(sDir + FindFileData.cFileName);       while FindNextFile(hFindFile, FindFileData) <> FALSE do         deletefile(sDir + FindFileData.cFileName);     end;   sr.FindHandle:= hFindFile;   FindClose(sr); end; //延时 procedure mDelay(MSecs: DWORD); var   BeginTime: DWORD; begin   BeginTime := GetTickCount;   repeat     Application.ProcessMessages;   until GetTickCount - BeginTime >= MSecs; end; //格式化浮点型 function my_FormatFloat(r: Real; u: Integer): Real; var   vStr : String;   I : Integer; begin   if u <= 0 then     Result := r   else     begin       vStr := '0';       for I := 1 to u - 1 do         vStr := vStr + '0';       vStr := '0.' + vStr;       Result := StrToFloat(FormatFloat(vStr, r));     end; end; //得到某字符串中指定位置的子串 //如get_substr('aa##bb##cc##dd','##',3)返回'cc' function get_substr(s_str,d_str:string;po:integer):string; //s_str大字符串，d_str分隔符,po位置 var   i,j,k:integer; begin   result:='';   if po<1 then     exit;   s_str:=trim(s_str)+d_str;   i:=0;   while 1=1 do     begin       if pos(d_str,s_str)>0 then         begin           j:=pos(d_str,s_str)+length(d_str);           k:=length(s_str)-(j-1);           i:=i+1;           if i=po then             begin               j:=pos(d_str,s_str);               result:=copy(s_str,1,j-1);               break;             end;           s_str:=copy(s_str,j,k);         end       else         break;     end; end; //得到当前日期的月首日和月末日 function get_date(da:TDateTime;zt:integer):TDateTime; var   yy,mm,dd:string; begin   yy:=formatdatetime('yyyy',da);   mm:=formatdatetime('mm',da);   if zt=0 then     dd:='01'   else     begin       if strtoint(mm) in [1,3,5,7,8,10,12] then         dd := '31'       else         if mm <> '2' then           dd:='30'         else           if IsLeapYear(YearOf(Da)) then             dd:='29'           else             dd:='28';     end;   DateSeparator := '-';   result:=strtodate(yy + '-' + mm +'-' + dd); end; //表的存在与否 function IsExist(tb:String;query:TADOQuery):Boolean; var   sqlstr:String; begin   sqlstr:='select * from sysobjects where id=object_id('''+tb+''')';   with query do     begin       close;       sql.Clear;       sql.Add(sqlstr);       open;     end;   if query.Recordset.EOF then     IsExist:=False   else     IsExist:=True; end; //用在excel中，相当于26进制转换 function int2letter(num:integer):string; const   LetterStr='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'; var  i,j:integer; begin   if num<=26 then     begin       result:=LetterStr[num];     end   else     begin       j:=num mod 26;       i:=num div 26;       if j=0 then         begin           j:=26;           i:=i-1;         end;       result:=int2letter(i)+LetterStr[j];     end; end; //是否整型 function IsInt(AStr: string): Boolean; var   Value, Code: Integer; begin   Val(AStr, Value, Code);   Result := Code = 0; end; //是否浮点型 function IsFloat(AStr: string): Boolean; var   Value: Real;   Code: Integer; begin   Val(AStr, Value, Code);   Result := Code = 0; end; 下回再来 ：) procedure RunScreenSave(); //--运行屏幕保护 begin   SendMessage(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_SCREENSAVE, 0); end;   //下面两个函数都是四舍五入的，主要是展现一种思路，随便用哪个都可以 function MyRound(Value: Double): integer; //取整四舍五入 //这个版权归小枫所有 begin   result:= strtoint(FormatFloat('#',value)); end; function doRound(Value: Double): integer; //取整四舍五入 //这个我有一半，呵呵。 begin   if Value < 0 then Result:= - doRound( -Value )   else   Result := round(int((value + 0.5) * 10)) div 10; end; //当然，这个函数还有其他的写法，如果你有不同的思路欢迎继续。。。 补充说明： round这个函数本身采用的是“四舍六入五成双”的法则，虽然更科学，但是实际应用中没有几个用这种规则的。 我也贴几个自己常用的： {-----------------------------------------------------------------------------   过程名: Msg   作者:   Gongqin   日期:   2003-6-9 16:57:44   参数:   AMsg : String; ATitle : String='提示'; AType : byte=0; btn : Longint=0             AType := 1 显示"信息"图标                       2 显示"错误"图标              AMsg(显示的消息内容)   ATitle(显示标题)              btn   := 0 显示 OK                       1 显示 Ok Cancel                       2 显示 Yes No                       3 显示 Retry and Cancel                       4 显示 Abort, Retry, and Ignore   返回值: Integer   说明：  显示消息对话框 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------} function Msg(AMsg: String;ATitle: String;AType: byte;btn: Longint): Integer; var Flag : Longint; begin   case AType of     1: Flag := MB_ICONQUESTION; //提问     2: Flag := MB_ICONERROR; //Error     3: Flag := MB_ICONSTOP;  //Stop   else     Flag := MB_ICONWARNING;   end;   case btn of     0 : Flag := Flag + MB_OK;     1 : Flag := Flag + MB_OKCANCEL;     2 : Flag := Flag + MB_YESNO;     3 : Flag := Flag + MB_YESNOCANCEL;     4 : Flag := Flag + MB_RETRYCANCEL;     5 : Flag := Flag + MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE;   end;   result := Application.MessageBox(pchar(AMsg), pchar(ATitle), Flag); end; {-----------------------------------------------------------------------------   过程名: getAppPath   作者:   Gongqin   日期:   2003-6-9 17:01:17   参数:   None   返回值: string   说明：  取应用程序的路径           如果只用ExtractFilePath(ExtractFilePath(application.Exename))取路径           可能出错，所以加了处理 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------} function getAppPath : string; var   strTmp : string; begin   strTmp := ExtractFilePath(ExtractFilePath(application.Exename));   if strTmp[length(strTmp)] <> '/' then     strTmp := strTmp + '/';   result := strTmp; end; 下面是我自己整理的 http://www.myf1.net/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardID=5&ID=215239 //计算当前日期所在的季度的第一个月份和最后一个月份 //终极版 function QuarterBegin( TheDate : TDateTime = 0 ) : Integer; //Copy Right 549@18:25 2003-9-3 begin   Result := ( Quarter( TheDate ) - 1 ) * 3 + 1; end; function QuarterEnd( TheDate : TDateTime = 0 ) : Integer; //Copy Right 549@18:25 2003-9-3 begin   Result := ( Quarter( TheDate ) - 1 ) * 3 + 3; end; function Quarter( TheDate : TDateTime = 0 ) : Integer; //Copy Right 549@10:06 2003-9-5 begin   Result := MonthOf( TheDate );   if TheDate = 0 then Result := MonthOf( Date );   Result := ( Result + 2 ) div 3; end;