Spring学习总结5(IOC-基于注解Annotation)

要使用Annotation，需确认Spring的版本是2.0以上，JDK版本是5.0以上

 

使用注解的XML的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"> <!-- 指明Spring容器使用注解的方式初始化bean --> <context:annotation-config/> </beans>

 

@Autowired

按类型去查找并注入

 

使用范围：

1.setter方法

public class SimpleMovieLister { private MovieFinder movieFinder; @Autowired public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) { this.movieFinder = movieFinder; } // ... }

 

2.以成员变量(bean)为参数的方法

public class MovieRecommender { private MovieCatalog movieCatalog; private CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao; @Autowired public void prepare(MovieCatalog movieCatalog, CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao) { this.movieCatalog = movieCatalog; this.customerPreferenceDao = customerPreferenceDao; } // ... }

 

3.构造方法或成员变量

public class MovieRecommender { @Autowired private MovieCatalog movieCatalog; private CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao; @Autowired public MovieRecommender(CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao) { this.customerPreferenceDao = customerPreferenceDao; } // ... }

 

@Autowired(required=false) 当查找失败时不会报错，默认不写时为required=true

 

@Qualifier

 

按名字去查找并注入

 

1.使用在成员变量上

 

public class MovieRecommender { @Autowired @Qualifier("mainCatalog") private MovieCatalog movieCatalog; // ... }

 

2.使用在方法参数bean上

public class MovieRecommender { private MovieCatalog movieCatalog; private CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao; @Autowired public void prepare(@Qualifier("mainCatalog") MovieCatalog movieCatalog, CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao) { this.movieCatalog = movieCatalog; this.customerPreferenceDao = customerPreferenceDao; } // ... }

 

 

@Resource

按name值进行查找   @Resource有一个‘name’属性，缺省时，Spring 将这个值解释为要注射的 bean 的名字

public class SimpleMovieLister { private MovieFinder movieFinder; @Resource(name="myMovieFinder") public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) { this.movieFinder = movieFinder; } } // 在容器中查找名字为myMovieFinder的bean

 

public class SimpleMovieLister { private MovieFinder movieFinder; @Resource public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) { this.movieFinder = movieFinder; } } // 在容器中查找名字为movieFinder的bean

 

@Component

是所有受Spring管理组件的通用形式。

@Repository(存储层)、@Service(服务层)和 @Controller(控制层)则是@Component的细化， 用来表示更具体的用例(例如，分别对应了持久化层、服务层和表现层)。也就是说， 你能用@Component来注解你的组件类， 但如果用@Repository、@Service 或@Controller来注解它们，你的类也许能更好地被工具处理，或与切面进行关联。

加上该注解的bean，就不用在xml中进行bean的定义了。

 

xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="org.example"/> </beans>

 

 

 

 

使用@Component注解需要在xml配置自动扫描范围。同时Spring也提供了在扫描范围内进行过滤的配置。

 

 

 

过滤器类型	表达式范例
annotation	org.example.SomeAnnotation
assignable	org.example.SomeClass
regex	org/.example/.Default.*
aspectj	org.example..*Service+

 

 

<context:component-scan base-package="org.example"> <!-- 配置包含过滤 --> <context:include-filter type="regex" expression=".*Stub.*Repository"/> <!-- 配置排除过滤 --> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository"/> </context:component-scan>

 

 

// 注册名字为myMovieLister，类型为SimpleMovieLister,生命周期为prototype的bean

@Component("myMovieLister") @Scope("prototype") public class SimpleMovieLister { // ... }

 

// 注册名字为movieFinderImpl ，类型为SimpleMovieLister的bean (默认bean名字为类名且首字母小写，生命周期为singleton)

@Component public class MovieFinderImpl implements MovieFinder { // ... }

 

@PostConstruct

表明该方法在bean初始化时首先执行

@PostConstruct public void init() { System.out.println("init"); }

 

@PreDestroy

表明该方法在bean生命周期结束时执行

@PreDestroy public void destroy() { System.out.println("destroy"); }