Hibernate之HQL
什么是HQL:
HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写,也就是Hibernate框架的查询语句
hql和sql区别/异同:
1、HQL区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写,比如from这些关键字不区分,但是类名这些就区分大小写,而SQL不区分大小写.
2、HQL从下标0开始计算占位符位置,在hibernate5之后不支持占位符,而SQL是支持的.
3、HQL会自动根据方言生成查询语句,SQL需要自己改动语法
4、HQL是面向对象的查询语言,它的from语句后面接的是类名/属性,SQL是面向结构查询语言,from后面是接表名/列名
HQL处理返回的结果集有四种:
. 处理返回的结果集
3.1 单个对象
select没有逗号
3.2 Object[]
b.bookId, b.bookName
3.3 Map
new Map(b.bookId as bid, b.bookName as bname)
3.4 new 构造方法(attr1,attr2)
new Book(b.bookId, b.price)
单个列段
上面的在我接下来写的HqlTest.Java中有代码解释。
接下来我们来理解HQL通用分页查询。
HQL通用分页查询:
首先我们先把工具类写出来:
PageBean:
package com.lihao.five.util;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* 分页工具类
*
*/
public class PageBean {
private int page = 1;// 页码
private int rows = 3;// 页大小
private int total = 0;// 总记录数
private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
// 获取上一次访问后台的url
private String url;
/**
* 初始化pagebean
*
* @param req
*/
public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
}
public int getMaxPage() {
return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
}
public int nextPage() {
return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
}
public int previousPage() {
return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
}
public PageBean() {
super();
}
public int getPage() {
return page;
}
public void setPage(int page) {
this.page = page;
}
public void setPage(String page) {
this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
}
public int getRows() {
return rows;
}
public void setRows(int rows) {
this.rows = rows;
}
public void setRows(String rows) {
this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
}
public int getTotal() {
return total;
}
public void setTotal(int total) {
this.total = total;
}
public void setTotal(String total) {
this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
}
public boolean isPagination() {
return pagination;
}
public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
this.pagination = pagination;
}
public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
return parameterMap;
}
public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
/**
* 获得起始记录的下标
*
* @return
*/
public int getStartIndex() {
return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
}
}
StringUtils:
package com.lihao.five.util;
public class StringUtils {
// 私有的构造方法,保护此类不能在外部实例化
private StringUtils() {
}
/**
* 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于"",则返回true,否则返回false
*
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
boolean b = false;
if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
b = true;
}
return b;
}
/**
* 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于"",则返回true,否则返回false
*
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
return !isBlank(s);
}
}
BaseDao:
package com.lihao.five.util;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.mapping.Collection;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
/**
* 1.设置参数的问题
* 2.分页代码重复的问题
* @author
*
*/
public class BaseDao {
/**
* 通用的参数设置方法
* @param map
* @param query
*/
public void setParam(Map<String, Object> map,Query query) {
if(map!=null && map.size()>0) {
Object value =null;
Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
//例子的圣墟,但是有时候它并不是单纯字符串,可能是数组,也有可能是集合
value= entry.getValue();
if(value instanceof Object[]) {
query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Object[])value);
}
else if(value instanceof java.util.Collection) {
query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (java.util.Collection)value);
}
else {
query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), value);
}
}
}
}
public String getCountHql(String hql) {
int index = hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM");
return "select count(*)"+ hql.substring(index);
}
/**
* 通用分页
* @param session
* @param map
* @param hql
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List executeQuery(Session session , Map<String, Object> map,String hql,PageBean pageBean) {
List list = null;
if(pageBean !=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
String countHql = getCountHql(hql);
Query countQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
this.setParam(map, countQuery);
pageBean.setTotal(countQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//给预定义hql语句执行对象中的 参数赋值,有多少赋值多少
this.setParam(map, query);
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
list = query.list();
}
else {
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//给预定义hql语句执行对象中的 参数赋值,有多少赋值多少
this.setParam(map, query);
list = query.list();
}
return null;
}
}
然后在我们昨天dao层代码的基础上点这就可以看到的BookDao中在加代码为了然大家可以看的清楚一点我就把昨天我们写过的BookDao跟今天的都一起写进来(今天在最后面的来个方法)
BookDao:
package com.lihao.four.dao;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import com.lihao.five.util.BaseDao;
import com.lihao.five.util.PageBean;
import com.lihao.five.util.StringUtils;
import com.lihao.four.entity.Book;
import com.lihao.four.entity.Category;
import com.lihao.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class BookDao extends BaseDao{
public Integer addBook(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return bid;
}
public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return cid;
}
public Category getCategory(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return c;
}
public Book getBook(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return b;
}
public void delBook(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
session.delete(book);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
public void delCategory(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
if(c!=null) {
for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
// 通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系,最后被控方再做删除
b.getCategories().remove(c);
}
}
session.delete(c);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
/**
* 需求:
* 写一个待查询条件并且能分页的方法
* 没有使用BaseDao之前的代码
* @param book
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List<Book> list1(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
String bookName = book.getBookName();
String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
}
//query相当于sql所用的preparStaement
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
query.setParameter("bookName", bookName);
}
//通过上述代码会发现,同样的if判断写了两次
// 下面这个代码每个实体类都得写
if (pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
}
List<Book> list = query.list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
public List<Book> list2(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
map.put("bookName", book.getBookName());
}
List list = super.executeQuery(session, map, hql, pageBean);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
}
写完dao方法我们就该在BookDaoTest这个测试类中测试了,跟刚刚写dao方法一样我把今天和昨天的都写下来:
BookDaoTest:
package com.lihao.four.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.lihao.five.util.PageBean;
import com.lihao.four.entity.Book;
import com.lihao.four.entity.Category;
public class BookDaoTest {
private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
@Test
public void testGetBook() {
Book book = new Book();
book.setBookId(8);
book.setInitCategories(1);
Book b = this.bookDao.getBook(book );
System.out.println(b.getBookName());
System.out.println(b.getCategories());
}
/**
* book.hbm.xml inverse=fasle
* category.hbm.xml inverse=true
* 数据添加正常
* 书籍表、桥接表各新增一条数据
*/
@Test
public void test1() {
Book book = new Book();
book.setBookName("狗蛋的爱情故事");
book.setPrice(10f);
Category category = new Category();
category.setCategoryId(5);
// 直接将category对象加入到新建的book中是错误的,因为此时的category是临时态的,hibernate是不会管理的
// book.getCategories().add(category);
Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
// c.getBooks().add(book);
book.getCategories().add(c);
this.bookDao.addBook(book);
}
/**
* book.hbm.xml inverse=true
* category.hbm.xml inverse=true
* 只增加书籍表数据
* 桥接表不加数据
* 原因:双方都没有去维护关系
*/
@Test
public void test2() {
Book book = new Book();
book.setBookName("叶沟子");
book.setPrice(10f);
Category category = new Category();
category.setCategoryId(5);
Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
book.getCategories().add(c);
this.bookDao.addBook(book);
// c.getBooks().add(book);
}
@Test
public void testList1() {
Book book = new Book();
PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
// pageBean.setPage(1);
List<Book> list = this.bookDao.list1(book, pageBean);
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
@Test
public void testList2() {
Book book = new Book();
PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
pageBean.setPage(1);
List<Book> list = this.bookDao.list2(book, pageBean);
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
}
Hibernate之HQL的通用分页就简单的介绍到这里了。我们下期再见