var box = newRegExp('box'); //第一个参数字符串,匹配字符串中所有'box'的实例var box = newRegExp('box', 'ig'); //第二个参数可选,表示模式修饰符
模式修饰符的可选参数
参 数 含 义
i 忽略大小写
g 全局匹配,即该模式将会应用于所有的字符串,不会在发现第一个匹配项后停止
m 多行匹配,在到达第一行的末端时,还会继续查找下一行是否有匹配项
var box = /box/; //直接用两个反斜杠
var box = /box/ig; //在第二个斜杠后面加上模式修饰符
2.测试正则表达式
RegExp对象包含两个方法:test()和exec(),功能基本相似,用于测试字符串匹配。test()方法在字符串中查找是否存在指定的正则表达式并返回布尔值,如果存在则返回true,不存在则返回false。exec()方法也用于在字符串中查找指定正则表达式,如果exec()方法执行成功,则返回包含该查找字符串的相关信息数组。如果执行失败,则返回null。
RegExp对象的方法 方 法 功 能
test 在字符串中测试模式匹配,返回true或false
exec 在字符串中执行匹配搜索,返回结果数组
/*使用new运算符的test方法示例*/var pattern = newRegExp('box', 'i'); //创建正则模式,不区分大小写 var str = 'This is a Box!'; //创建要比对的字符串
alert(pattern.test(str)); //true,通过test()方法验证是否匹配
/*使用字面量方式的test方法示例*/var pattern = /box/i; //创建正则模式,不区分大小写var str = 'This is a Box!';
alert(pattern.test(str));
/*使用一条语句实现正则匹配*/alert(/box/i.test('This is a Box!')); //模式和字符串替换掉了两个变量
/*使用exec返回匹配数组*/var parrent = new RegExp("box","g")
var str= "boxasdasd";
console.log(parrent.exec(str));//["box", index: 0, input: "boxasdasd"],匹配了返回数组,否则返回null
/*使用match方法获取获取匹配数组*/
var pattern = /box/ig; //全局搜索,不分大小写
var str = 'This is a Box!,That is a Box too';
console.log(str.match(pattern)); //["Box", "Box"],匹配到两个Box,Box
console.log(str.match(pattern).length); //2,获取匹配数组的长度
/*使用search来查找匹配数据*/
var pattern = /box/ig;
var str = 'This is a Box!,That is a Box too';
console.log(str.search(pattern)); //10,查找到返回位置,否则返回-1
PS:因为search方法查找到即返回,也就是说无需g全局
/*使用replace替换匹配到的数据*/var pattern = /box/ig;
var str = 'This is a Box!,That is a Box too';
console.log(str.replace(pattern, 'Tom')); //This is a Tom!,That is a Tom too,将Box替换成了Tom
/*使用split拆分成字符串数组*/var pattern = / /ig;
var str = 'This is a Box!,That is a Box too';
console.log(str.split(pattern)); //["This", "is", "a", "Box!,That", "is", "a", "Box", "too"],将空格拆开分组成数组
/*使用静态属性*/var pattern = /(b)ig/g;
var str = 'This is a big google!';
pattern.test(str); //执行一下
console.log(RegExp.input); //This is a big google!
console.log(RegExp.leftContext); //This is a
console.log(RegExp.rightContext); // google!(注意包括空格)
console.log(RegExp.lastMatch); //big
console.log(RegExp.lastParen); //b
console.log(RegExp.multiline); //false
例如:
/*使用点元字符*/var pattern = /g..gle/; //.匹配一个任意字符
var str1 = 'google';
var str2 = 'gppgle'console.log(pattern.test(str1)); //trueconsole.log(pattern.test(str2)); //true
/*重复匹配*/
var pattern = /g.*gle/; //.匹配0个一个或多个
var str = 'google'; //*,?,+,{n,m}
console.log(pattern.test(str)); //true
/*使用字符类匹配*/
var pattern = /g[a-zA-Z_]*gle/; //[a-zA-Z]*表示任意个a-z中(大小写)的字符
var str = 'gDkiAdgle';
console.log(pattern.test(str)); //true
var pattern = /g[^0-9]*gle/; //[^0-9]*表示任意个非0-9的字符
var str = 'google';
console.log(pattern.test(str)); //true
var pattern = /[a-z][A-Z]+/; //[A-Z]+表示A-Z一次或多次
var str = 'gOOGLE';
console.log(pattern.test(str)); //true
/*使用元符号匹配*/
var pattern = /g\w*gle/; //\w*匹配任意多个所有字母数字_
var str = 'google';
console.log(pattern.test(str));
var pattern = /google\d*/; //\d*匹配任意多个数字
var str = 'google444';
console.log(pattern.test(str));
var pattern = /\D{7,}/; //\D{7,}匹配至少7个非数字
var str = 'google8';
console.log(pattern.test(str));
/*使用锚元字符匹配*/
var pattern = /^google$/; //^从开头匹配,$从结尾开始匹配
var str = 'google';
console.log(pattern.test(str));
var pattern = /goo\sgle/; //\s可以匹配到空格
var str = 'goo gle';
console.log(pattern.test(str));
var pattern = /google\b/; //\b可以匹配是否到了边界
var str = 'google';
console.log(pattern.test(str));
/*使用或模式匹配*/
var pattern = /google|baidu|bing/; //匹配三种其中一种字符串
var str = 'google';
console.log(pattern.test(str));
/*使用分组模式匹配*/var pattern = /(google){4,8}/; //匹配分组里的字符串4-8次 var str = 'googlegoogle';
console.log(pattern.test(str));
var pattern = /8(.*)8/; //获取8..8之间的任意字符var str = 'This is 8google8';
str.match(pattern);
console.log(RegExp.$1); //得到第一个分组里的字符串内容var pattern = /8(.*)8/;
var str = 'This is 8google8';
var result = str.replace(pattern,'<strong>$1</strong>'); //得到替换的字符串输出
document.write(result);
var pattern = /(.*)\s(.*)/;
var str = 'google baidu';
var result = str.replace(pattern, '$2 $1'); //将两个分组的值替换输出
document.write(result);
/*关于贪婪和惰性*/var pattern = /[a-z]+?/; //?号关闭了贪婪匹配,只替换了第一个var str = 'abcdefjhijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
var result = str.replace(pattern, 'xxx');
console.log(result);
var pattern = /8(.+?)8/g; //禁止了贪婪,开启的全局var str = 'This is 8google8, That is 8google8, There is 8google8';
var result = str.replace(pattern,'<strong>$1</strong>');
document.write(result);
var pattern = /8([^8]*)8/g; //另一种禁止贪婪var str = 'This is 8google8, That is 8google8, There is 8google8';
var result = str.replace(pattern,'<strong>$1</strong>');
document.write(result);
/*使用exec返回数组*/
var pattern = /^[a-z]+\s[0-9]{4}$/i;
var str = 'google 2012';
console.log(pattern.exec(str)); //返回整个字符串
var pattern = /^[a-z]+/i; //只匹配字母
var str = 'google 2012';
console.logconsole.log(pattern.exec(str)); //返回google
var pattern = /^([a-z]+)\s([0-9]{4})$/i; //使用分组
var str = 'google 2012';
console.log(pattern.exec(str)[0]); //google 2012
console.log(pattern.exec(str)[1]); //google
console.log(pattern.exec(str)[2]); //2012
/*捕获性分组和非捕获性分组*/
var pattern = /(\d+)([a-z])/; //捕获性分组
var str = '123abc';
console.log(pattern.exec(str));
var pattern = /(\d+)(?:[a-z])/; //非捕获性分组
var str = '123abc';
console.log(pattern.exec(str));
/*使用分组嵌套*/
var pattern = /(A?(B?(C?)))/; //从外往内获取
var str = 'ABC';
console.log(pattern.exec(str));
/*使用前瞻捕获*/
var pattern = /(goo(?=gle))/; //goo后面必须跟着gle才能捕获
var str = 'google';
console.log(pattern.exec(str));
/*使用特殊字符匹配*/
var pattern = /\.\[\/b\]/; //特殊字符,用\符号转义即可
var str = '.[/b]';
console.log(pattern.test(str));
/*使用换行模式*/var pattern = /^\d+/mg; //启用了换行模式var str = '1.baidu\n2.google\n3.bing';
var result = str.replace(pattern, '#');
console.log(result);