Android进阶——pcm格式转wav格式

背景

程序中的录音文件之前直接保存的是 .pcm格式，一直也相安无事，用的挺好。最近有一个webview中需要加载录音文件，出现了不兼容的问题，所以需要把 .pcm格式文件转换为 .wav格式。

PCM

PCM（Pulse Code Modulation----脉码调制录音)。所谓PCM录音就是将声音等模拟信号变成符号化的脉冲列，再予以记录。PCM信号是由[1]、[0]等符号构成的数字信号，而未经过任何编码和压缩处理。与模拟信号比，它不易受传送系统的杂波及失真的影响。动态范围宽，可得到音质相当好的效果。简单的说，pcm就是没有压缩的音频格式。

wav

wav全称是WAVE，.wav是其扩展名，它是一种无损的音频文件格式，WAV符合 RIFF(Resource Interchange File Format)规范。所有的WAV都有一个文件头，这个文件头是音频流的编码参数。WAV对音频流的编码没有硬性规定，除了PCM之外，还有几乎所有支持ACM规范的编码都可以为WAV的音频流进行编码。

pcm和wav关系

pcm是无损wav文件中音频数据的一种编码方式，pcm加上wav文件头就可以转为wav格式，但wav还可以用其它方式编码。

PcmToWavUtil

package com.hgb.mytest;

import android.media.AudioFormat;
import android.media.AudioRecord;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Created by HaoGuibao
 * Date 2016/8/26.
 * Description :pcm格式的音频转换为wav格式的工具类
 */
public class PcmToWavUtil {
    private int mBufferSize;  //缓存的音频大小
    private int mSampleRate = 8000;// 8000|16000
    private int mChannel = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO;   //立体声
    private int mEncoding = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;

    public PcmToWavUtil() {
        this.mBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(mSampleRate, mChannel, mEncoding);
    }

    /**
     * @param sampleRate sample rate、采样率
     * @param channel    channel、声道
     * @param encoding   Audio data format、音频格式
     */
    public PcmToWavUtil(int sampleRate, int channel, int encoding) {
        this.mSampleRate = sampleRate;
        this.mChannel = channel;
        this.mEncoding = encoding;
        this.mBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(mSampleRate, mChannel, mEncoding);
    }

    /**
     * pcm文件转wav文件
     *
     * @param inFilename  源文件路径
     * @param outFilename 目标文件路径
     */
    public void pcmToWav(String inFilename, String outFilename) {
        FileInputStream in;
        FileOutputStream out;
        long totalAudioLen;
        long totalDataLen;
        long longSampleRate = mSampleRate;
        int channels = 2;
        long byteRate = 16 * mSampleRate * channels / 8;
        byte[] data = new byte[mBufferSize];
        try {
            in = new FileInputStream(inFilename);
            out = new FileOutputStream(outFilename);
            totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size();
            totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36;

            writeWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen,
                    longSampleRate, channels, byteRate);
            while (in.read(data) != -1) {
                out.write(data);
            }
            in.close();
            out.close();
        }  catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 加入wav文件头
     */
    private void writeWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long totalAudioLen,
                                     long totalDataLen, long longSampleRate, int channels, long byteRate)
            throws IOException {
        byte[] header = new byte[44];
        header[0] = 'R'; // RIFF/WAVE header
        header[1] = 'I';
        header[2] = 'F';
        header[3] = 'F';
        header[4] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff);
        header[5] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 8) & 0xff);
        header[6] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 16) & 0xff);
        header[7] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 24) & 0xff);
        header[8] = 'W';  //WAVE
        header[9] = 'A';
        header[10] = 'V';
        header[11] = 'E';
        header[12] = 'f'; // 'fmt ' chunk
        header[13] = 'm';
        header[14] = 't';
        header[15] = ' ';
        header[16] = 16;  // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk
        header[17] = 0;
        header[18] = 0;
        header[19] = 0;
        header[20] = 1;   // format = 1
        header[21] = 0;
        header[22] = (byte) channels;
        header[23] = 0;
        header[24] = (byte) (longSampleRate & 0xff);
        header[25] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 8) & 0xff);
        header[26] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 16) & 0xff);
        header[27] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 24) & 0xff);
        header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff);
        header[29] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 8) & 0xff);
        header[30] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 16) & 0xff);
        header[31] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 24) & 0xff);
        header[32] = (byte) (2 * 16 / 8); // block align
        header[33] = 0;
        header[34] = 16;  // bits per sample
        header[35] = 0;
        header[36] = 'd'; //data
        header[37] = 'a';
        header[38] = 't';
        header[39] = 'a';
        header[40] = (byte) (totalAudioLen & 0xff);
        header[41] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 8) & 0xff);
        header[42] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 16) & 0xff);
        header[43] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 24) & 0xff);
        out.write(header, 0, 44);
    }
}

Demo

把手机内存卡上 /sdcard/yxck/treamentRecord/ 的123.pcm转换为123.wav文件。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    /**
     * pcm格式转wav格式工具类
     */
    private PcmToWavUtil pcmToWavUtil = new PcmToWavUtil();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        final String path = "/sdcard/yxck/treamentRecord/123.pcm";
        //按原路径把音频文件后缀改一下;
        final String outpath = path.replace(".pcm", ".wav");

        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                pcmToWavUtil.pcmToWav(path, outpath);
            }
        });
    }
}

pcm转换wav格式成功

参考文章 ：
http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0304/15/2306903_357656935.shtml
http://www.cnblogs.com/lidabo/p/3729615.html
http://blog.csdn.net/u014040795/article/details/52188978