008-结构体字节大小和对齐

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

// 结构体指针
struct Book{
    char *name;
    char *author;
    int page;
};

struct Computer {
    char *name;
    int price;
    double weight;
};

int main() {
    // 结构体的大小 和字节对齐的概念 结构体的大小该怎么计算呢?,那得先说说什么是字节对齐:
    // 结构体必须满足 最大的数据类型的sizeof的值整除,
    // 结构体变量的大小必须是最宽基本数据类型的整数倍. 如果不够,那么他就会在这些成员中间需要添加填充字节.
    // 结构体与动态内存分配
    struct Computer computer = {"H", 3000, 2.3};

    // Computer 0xe164a180 ,sizeof(char) 8, sizeof(int) 4, sizeof(double) 8, sizeof 24
    // 根据上面的解释分析 8+4+8=20 但是因为字节对齐的需要，结构体的大小必须是成员变量字节最大的整数倍
    // 最大的是 double 和 char*, 大小都是8，所以最接近20的8的最小倍数就是24  
    printf("Computer %#x ,sizeof(char) %lu, sizeof(int) %lu, sizeof(double) %lu, sizeof %lu\n", (unsigned int)&computer, sizeof(computer.name),
            sizeof(computer.price), sizeof(computer.weight), sizeof(computer));

    // 结构体动态内存分配
    struct Computer *m_p = malloc(sizeof(computer)*10);
    printf("initial address %#x\n", (unsigned int)m_p);
    struct Computer *p = m_p;
    p->name = "HP";
    p->price = 100;
    p->weight = 2.4;

    p++;
    p->name = "Lenovo";
    p->price = 200;
    p->weight = 4.3;

    // 遍历
    printf("%#x, %#x\n", (unsigned int)p, (unsigned int)m_p);
    struct Computer *loop_p = m_p;
    for (; loop_p < m_p+2; loop_p++){
         printf("Computer name is %s\n", loop_p->name);
    }
    return 0;
}

输出如下：
 

Computer 0xe164a180 ,sizeof(char) 8, sizeof(int) 4, sizeof(double) 8, sizeof 24
initial address 0x73d02790
0x73d027a8, 0x73d02790
Computer name is HP
Computer name is Lenovo