一、实现数组队列的动态数组结构
public class Array<E> {
private E[] data;
private int size;
// 构造函数,传入数组的容量capacity构造Array
public Array(int capacity) {
data = (E[]) new Object[capacity];
size = 0;
}
// 无参数的构造函数,默认数组的容量capacity=10
public Array() {
this(10);
}
// 获取数组的容量
public int getCapacity() {
return data.length;
}
// 获取数组中的元素个数
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
// 返回数组是否为空
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
// 在index索引的位置插入一个新元素e
public void add(int index, E e) {
if (index < 0 || index > size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Add failed. Require index >= 0 and index <= size.");
if (size == data.length)
resize(2 * data.length);
for (int i = size - 1; i >= index; i--)
data[i + 1] = data[i];
data[index] = e;
size++;
}
// 向所有元素后添加一个新元素
public void addLast(E e) {
add(size, e);
}
// 在所有元素前添加一个新元素
public void addFirst(E e) {
add(0, e);
}
// 获取index索引位置的元素
public E get(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Get failed. Index is illegal.");
return data[index];
}
// 修改index索引位置的元素为e
public void set(int index, E e) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Set failed. Index is illegal.");
data[index] = e;
}
// 查找数组中是否有元素e
public boolean contains(E e) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (data[i].equals(e))
return true;
}
return false;
}
// 查找数组中元素e所在的索引,如果不存在元素e,则返回-1
public int find(E e) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (data[i].equals(e))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
// 从数组中删除index位置的元素, 返回删除的元素
public E remove(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Remove failed. Index is illegal.");
E ret = data[index];
for (int i = index + 1; i < size; i++)
data[i - 1] = data[i];
size--;
data[size] = null; // loitering objects != memory leak
if (size == data.length / 4 && data.length / 2 != 0)
resize(data.length / 2);
return ret;
}
// 从数组中删除第一个元素, 返回删除的元素
public E removeFirst() {
return remove(0);
}
// 从数组中删除最后一个元素, 返回删除的元素
public E removeLast() {
return remove(size - 1);
}
public E getLast() {
return get(size - 1);
}
public E getFirst() {
return get(0);
}
// 从数组中删除元素e
public void removeElement(E e) {
int index = find(e);
if (index != -1)
remove(index);
}
public void swap(int i, int j) {
if (i< 0|| i>=size || j<0||j>=size){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("");
}
E t = data[i];
data[i]= data[j];
data[j] = t;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
res.append(String.format("Array: size = %d , capacity = %d\n", size, data.length));
res.append('[');
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
res.append(data[i]);
if (i != size - 1)
res.append(", ");
}
res.append(']');
return res.toString();
}
// 将数组空间的容量变成newCapacity大小
private void resize(int newCapacity) {
E[] newData = (E[]) new Object[newCapacity];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
newData[i] = data[i];
data = newData;
}
}
二、队列接口
public interface Queue<E> {
void enqueue(E e); //入队
E dequeue(); //出队
E getFront(); // 获取对头元素
int getSize(); // 获取队列元素个数
boolean isEmpty(); //判断队列是否为空
}
三、数组普通队列实现
public class ArrayQueue<E> implements Queue<E> {
private Array<E> array;
public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {
array = new Array<>(capacity);
}
public ArrayQueue() {
array = new Array<>();
}
@Override
public void enqueue(E e) {
array.addLast(e);
}
@Override
public E dequeue() {
return array.removeFirst();
}
@Override
public E getFront() {
return array.getFirst();
}
@Override
public int getSize() {
return array.getSize();
}
public int getCapacity() {
return array.getCapacity();
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return array.isEmpty();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
res.append("Queue: ");
res.append("front [");
for (int i = 0; i < array.getSize(); i++) {
res.append(array.get(i));
if (i != array.getSize() - 1) {
res.append(", ");
}
}
res.append("] tail");
return res.toString();
}
}
四、数组循环队列的实现
/**
* LoopQueue 循环队列
* void enqueue(E) o(1) 均摊
* E dequeue() o(1) 均摊
* E getFront() o(1)
* int getSize() o(1)
* boolean isEmpty o(1)
*/
public class LoopQueue<E> implements Queue<E> {
private E[] data;
//front 队首 tail 下一个将存放元素的索引
//front 不会改变??
private int front, tail;
private int size;
public LoopQueue(int capacity) {
// 因为浪费了一个空间 所以多加一个
data = (E[]) new Object[capacity + 1];
front = 0;
tail = 0;
size = 0;
}
public LoopQueue() {
this(10);
}
@Override
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return front == tail;
}
public int getCapacity() {
return data.length - 1;
}
@Override
public void enqueue(E e) {
// front == (tail+1) %capacity时,表示数组已满
if ((tail + 1) % data.length == front) {
// 此时 队列已满 数组扩容
resize(getCapacity() * 2);
}
data[tail] = e;
// 正常情况下是 tail = tail+1
// 但是由于是循环队列,所以要tail = (tail+1)%size
// 用于标记下一个要存放元素的位置
tail = (tail + 1) % data.length;
size++;
}
@Override
public E dequeue() {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("");
}
E ret = data[front];
data[front] = null;
front = (front + 1) % data.length;
size--;
if (size == getCapacity() / 4 && getCapacity() / 2 != 0) {
resize(getCapacity() / 2);
}
return ret;
}
private void resize(int newCapacity) {
E[] newData = (E[]) new Object[newCapacity + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
newData[i] = data[(i + front) % data.length];
}
data = newData;
front = 0;
tail = size;
}
@Override
public E getFront() {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("数组不能为空");
}
return data[front];
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
res.append(String.format("Queue: size = %d, capacity=%d ", size, getCapacity()));
res.append("front [");
// 从front 向tail逼近
// 由于tail可能小于front(tail在front的左侧)
// 获取下一个元素的下标 i = (i+1)%data.length
for (int i = front; i != tail; i = (i + 1) % data.length) {
res.append(data[i]);
// 如果没有到tail
if ((i + 1) % data.length != tail) {
res.append(",");
}
}
res.append("] tail");
return res.toString();
}
}
五、测试数组队列和循环队列
/*
循环队列和数组队列的比较
* **/
public class QueueCompare {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int opCount = 100000;
//ArrayQueue<Integer> arrayQueue = new ArrayQueue<>();
//double time1 = testQueue(arrayQueue, opCount);
//System.out.println("ArrayQueue, time: "+time1+ "s"); //3.5s
LoopQueue<Integer> loopQueue = new LoopQueue<>();
double time2 = testQueue(loopQueue, opCount);
System.out.println("LoopQueue, time: "+time2+ "s"); //0.02s
}
private static double testQueue(Queue<Integer> q, int opCount) {
long startTime = System.nanoTime();
Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < opCount; i++) {
q.enqueue(random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
}
for (int i = 0; i < opCount; i++) {
q.dequeue();
}
long endTime = System.nanoTime();
return (endTime - startTime) / 1000000000.0;
}
}
通过简单的测试可以看出,循环队列比普通队列在入队和出队的效率上更好,因为循环队列在入队和出队的时候,只需要移动tail下标和front下标即可,而不用移动整个数组。
参考: