利用反射机制分析类 | Java基础

反射机制的功能极其强大，反射机制可以用来：

1. 在运行中分析类的能力

2. 在运行中查看对象，例如，编写一个toString方法供所有类使用

3. 实现通用的数组操作代码

4. 利用Method对象，这个对象很像C++中的函数指针

实际上，反射机制的默认行为受限于Java的访问控制。然而，如果一个Java程序没有收到安全管理器的控制，就可以覆盖访问控制。

为了达到这个目的，需要对用Field、Method、或Constructor对象的setAccessible方法，对public，甚至private访问权限的进行访问。

当然也可以访问到类中的域、构造方法、方法等，以java.lang.Integer类为例，利用反射机制对其进行访问：

public class ClassReflectionTest {
    public static void printClass(Class cl) {  //得到类的相关信息
        String modifiers = Modifier.toString(cl.getModifiers());
        if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
        String name = cl.getName();
        System.out.print("class " + name);
        Class supercl = cl.getSuperclass();
        if (supercl != null && supercl != Object.class)
            System.out.print(" extends" + supercl.getName());
        System.out.println(" {");
    }
    public static void printConstructors(Class cl) {  //得到构造器的相关信息
        Constructor[] constructors = cl.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor c : constructors) {
            String name = c.getName();
            System.out.print("    ");
            String modifiers = Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers());
            if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
            System.out.print(name + "(");
            Class[] paramTypes = c.getParameterTypes();
            for (int j = 0; j < paramTypes.length; j++) {
                if (j > 0) System.out.print(", ");
                System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
            }
            System.out.println(");");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
    public static void printMethods(Class cl) {  //得到方法的相关信息
        Method[] methods = cl.getMethods();
        for (Method m : methods) {
            System.out.print("    ");
            String modifiers = Modifier.toString(m.getModifiers());
            if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
            Class type = m.getReturnType();
            System.out.print(type + " (");
            Class[] paramTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
            for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
                if (i > 0) System.out.print(", ");
                System.out.print(paramTypes[i].getName());
            }
            System.out.println(");");
        }
        String s = "quit";
        s.charAt(0);
        System.out.println();
        
    }
    public static void printFileds(Class cl) {  //得到属性的相关信息
        Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();  //getDelecaredFileds方法可以反射出private得所有属性
        for (Field f : fields) {
            String modifiers = Modifier.toString(f.getModifiers());
            System.out.print("    ");
            if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
            Class type = f.getType();
            String name = f.getName();
            System.out.println(type.getName() + " " + name);
        }
        System.out.println("}");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class cl = Class.forName("java.lang.Integer");
            printClass(cl);
            printConstructors(cl);
            printMethods(cl);
            printFileds(cl);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

得到的结果：

public final class java.lang.Integer extendsjava.lang.Number {
    public java.lang.Integer(int);
    public java.lang.Integer(java.lang.String);

    public static int (int);
    public static int (int);
    public static int (int);
    public boolean (java.lang.Object);
    public class java.lang.String ();
    public static class java.lang.String (int, int);
    public static class java.lang.String (int);
    public int ();
    public static int (int);
    public volatile int (java.lang.Object);
    public int (java.lang.Integer);
    public byte ();
    public short ();
    public int ();
    public long ();
    public float ();
    public double ();
    public static class java.lang.Integer (int);
    public static class java.lang.Integer (java.lang.String);
    public static class java.lang.Integer (java.lang.String, int);
    public static class java.lang.String (int);
    public static class java.lang.Integer (java.lang.String);
    public static int (int, int);
    public static int (int);
    public static int (java.lang.String);
    public static int (java.lang.String, int);
    public static class java.lang.String (int);
    public static class java.lang.String (int);
    public static class java.lang.Integer (java.lang.String);
    public static class java.lang.Integer (java.lang.String, int);
    public static class java.lang.Integer (java.lang.String, java.lang.Integer);
    public static int (int);
    public static int (int);
    public static int (int, int);
    public static int (int, int);
    public static int (int);
    public final void (long, int);
    public final native void (long);
    public final void ();
    public final native class java.lang.Class ();
    public final native void ();
    public final native void ();

    public static final int MIN_VALUE
    public static final int MAX_VALUE
    public static final java.lang.Class TYPE
    static final [C digits
    static final [C DigitTens
    static final [C DigitOnes
    static final [I sizeTable
    private final int value
    public static final int SIZE
    private static final long serialVersionUID
    static final boolean $assertionsDisabled
}