转帖用于学习,虽然简单但对于我初学者来说是很大的帮助.
//SQL实用举例
以下为SELECT语句的标准结构
SELECT 目标表的列名或列表达式集合
FROM 基本表或(和)视图集合
[WHERE条件表达式]
[GROUP BY列名集合
[HAVING组条件表达式]]
[ORDER BY列名[集合]…]
Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表 S#:学号;Sname:学生姓名;Sage:学生年龄;Ssex:学生性别
Course(C#,Cname,T#) 课程表 C#,课程编号;Cname:课程名字;T#:教师编号
SC(S#,C#,score) 成绩表 S#:学号;C#,课程编号;score:成绩
Teacher(T#,Tname) 教师表 T#:教师编号; Tname:教师名字
问题:
1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号;
select a.S# from (select s#,score from SC where C#='001') a,(select s#,score
from SC where C#='002') b
where a.score>b.score and a.s#=b.s#;
//学习体会:当在同一个表中选择比较时,可以重命名不同条件的表同时进行条件筛选.---2009-09-06
2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩;
select S#,avg(score)
from sc
group by S# having avg(score) >60;
//学习体会:分组统计加having进行条件筛选---2009-09-06
3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩;
select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score)
from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S#
group by Student.S#,Sname
//学习体会:对left Outer join 理解不清??不知道是否可以用以下语句:
select student.s#,student.sname,count(sc.c#),sum(sc.score) from student,sc where sc.s#=student.s# group by student.s#,student.sname
现在来测试一下吧:
经测试结果一样.
4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数;
select count(distinct(Tname))
from Teacher
where Tname like '李%';
//学习体会:这个很简单,看懂就行了.
5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名;
select Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student
where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平');
//学习体会:主要是not in 与 distinct 的用法.
6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名;
select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#='001'and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#='002');
//学习体会:后面这种条件筛选值得我好好理解与学习.
7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# in (select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from Course,Teacher where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname='叶平'));
//学习体会:本查询关联到3个表(student teacher course)后面的分组看不懂是什么意思.
8、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名;
Select S#,Sname from (select Student.S#,Student.Sname,score ,(select score from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S#=Student.S# and SC_2.C#='002') score2
from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C#='001') S_2 where score2 <score;
//学习体会:与第1题类似.
9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名;
select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# not in (select Student.S# from Student,SC where S.S#=SC.S# and score>60);
//学习体会:自己先做一下看看:一、相关的有表Student ,Sc 二、条件是小于60分。三、开始写语句如下:
select student.s#,student.sname from student where s# not in(select student.s# from student,sc where student.s#=sc.s# and sc.score>60);
检查一下吧。OK
10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
select Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# group by Student.S#,Student.Sname having count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course);
//学习体会:自己先看看,再看答案:1、要求student 表中的学号与姓名(S#,sname);2、学全所有课的条件(在SC中distinct C#);3、没有;
4、开始写语句如下:
写不出就分析一下学习吧:
where 后面:
student.s#=sc.s# 是两表相关联,group by 后加having是限制条件
但我感觉 <号后的select count(c#) from course 应用select count(distinct c#) from course.
11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名;
select S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in select C# from SC where S#='1001';
//学习体会:这个很简单了。限定条件就是了。
12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名;
select distinct SC.S#,Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in (select C# from SC where S#='001');
//学习体会:这个很简单了。限定条件就是了。
13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩;
update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score)
from SC SC as SC_2
where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平');
//学习体会:这个是个更新语句,update 表名 set ...//9月6日下午16:00学习到这,下次有空再学习。
14、查询和“1002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名;
select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#='1002')
group by S# having count(*)=(select count(*) from SC where S#='1002');
//学习体会:自己写不出来,查阅答案后,发现思路是先查询1002有几门课,后查询C#是否在范围内.
15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录;
Delect SC
from course ,Teacher
where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname='叶平';
//学习体会:这个太简单了,学习了.
16、向SC表中插入一些记录,这些记录要求符合以下条件:没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号、2、002
号课的平均成绩;
Insert SC select S#,'002',(Select avg(score)
from SC where C#='002') from Student where S# not in (Select S# from SC where C#='002');
//学习体会:这个也比较容易懂.2009-09-07 11:46
17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩,按如下形式显示: 学生ID,,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分
SELECT S# as 学生ID
,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='004') AS 数据库
,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='001') AS 企业管理
,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='006') AS 英语
,COUNT(*) AS 有效课程数, AVG(t.score) AS 平均成绩
FROM SC AS t
GROUP BY S#
ORDER BY avg(t.score)
//学习体会:这个应该注意的是已经进行了分组再进行条件限制。
18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,最高分,最低分
SELECT L.C# As 课程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分
FROM SC L ,SC AS R
WHERE L.C# = R.C# and
L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score)
FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM
WHERE L.C# = IL.C# and IM.S#=IL.S#
GROUP BY IL.C#)
AND
R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score)
FROM SC AS IR
WHERE R.C# = IR.C#
GROUP BY IR.C#
);
//学习体会:这种写法是第一次见,不知道是否可以测试成功,过会试试。
19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序
SELECT t.C# AS 课程号,max(course.Cname)AS 课程名,isnull(AVG(score),0) AS 平均成绩
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) AS 及格百分数
FROM SC T,Course
where t.C#=course.C#
GROUP BY t.C#
ORDER BY 100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) DESC
//学习体会:太难,看不懂.
20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用"1行"显示): 企业管理(001),马克思(002),OO&UML (003),数据库(004)
SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN C# ='001' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理及格百分数
,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思及格百分数
,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML及格百分数
,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库及格百分数
FROM SC
21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
SELECT max(Z.T#) AS 教师ID,MAX(Z.Tname) AS 教师姓名,C.C# AS 课程ID,MAX(C.Cname) AS 课程名称,AVG(Score) AS 平均成绩
FROM SC AS T,Course AS C ,Teacher AS Z
where T.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Z.T#
GROUP BY C.C#
ORDER BY AVG(Score) DESC
22、查询如下课程成绩第 3 名到第 6 名的学生成绩单:企业管理(001),马克思(002),UML (003),数据库(004)
[学生ID],[学生姓名],企业管理,马克思,UML,数据库,平均成绩
SELECT DISTINCT top 3
SC.S# As 学生学号,
Student.Sname AS 学生姓名 ,
T1.score AS 企业管理,
T2.score AS 马克思,
T3.score AS UML,
T4.score AS 数据库,
ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) as 总分
FROM Student,SC LEFT JOIN SC AS T1
ON SC.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = '001'
LEFT JOIN SC AS T2
ON SC.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = '002'
LEFT JOIN SC AS T3
ON SC.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = '003'
LEFT JOIN SC AS T4
ON SC.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = '004'
WHERE student.S#=SC.S# and
ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
NOT IN
(SELECT
DISTINCT
TOP 15 WITH TIES
ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
FROM sc
LEFT JOIN sc AS T1
ON sc.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = 'k1'
LEFT JOIN sc AS T2
ON sc.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = 'k2'
LEFT JOIN sc AS T3
ON sc.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = 'k3'
LEFT JOIN sc AS T4
ON sc.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = 'k4'
ORDER BY ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) DESC);
23、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]
SELECT SC.C# as 课程ID, Cname as 课程名称
,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [100 - 85]
,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [85 - 70]
,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [70 - 60]
,SUM(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [60 -]
FROM SC,Course
where SC.C#=Course.C#
GROUP BY SC.C#,Cname;
//学习体会:主要学习between的用法.主要注意case与when及between和and,同时注意,between 用在条件中。
24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次
SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成绩)
FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成绩
FROM SC
GROUP BY S#
) AS T1
WHERE 平均成绩 > T2.平均成绩) as 名次,
S# as 学生学号,平均成绩
FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩
FROM SC
GROUP BY S#
) AS T2
ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc;
//学习体会:1+。。是什么意思?
SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成绩
FROM SC
GROUP BY S#
为T1,T1=T2?感觉有问题。??????????????????????????????????????????
25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)
SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
FROM SC t1
WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score
FROM SC
WHERE t1.C#= C#
ORDER BY score DESC
)
ORDER BY t1.C#;
//学习体会:分为两个表进行限定条件。
26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select c#,count(S#) from sc group by C#;
//学习体会:这个太简单
27、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
select SC.S#,Student.Sname,count(C#) AS 选课数
from SC ,Student
where SC.S#=Student.S# group by SC.S# ,Student.Sname having count(C#)=1;
//学习体会:分组后限定条件,有价值学习。
28、查询男生、女生人数
Select count(Ssex) as 男生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='男';
Select count(Ssex) as 女生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='女';
//学习体会:这个太简单
29、查询姓“张”的学生名单
SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname like '张%';
//学习体会:这个太简单
30、查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
select Sname,count(*) from Student group by Sname having count(*)>1;;
//学习体会:分组后限定条件,有价值学习。
31、1981年出生的学生名单(注:Student表中Sage列的类型是datetime)
select Sname, CONVERT(char (11),DATEPART(year,Sage)) as age
from student
where CONVERT(char(11),DATEPART(year,Sage))='1981';
//学习体会:convert 与datepart(year,sage)函数的用法,记住了!
32、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排列
Select C#,Avg(score) from SC group by C# order by Avg(score),C# DESC ;
//学习体会:这个太简单
33、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
select Sname,SC.S# ,avg(score)
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# group by SC.S#,Sname having avg(score)>85;
//学习体会:分组后限定条件,有价值学习。
34、查询课程名称为“数据库”,且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数
Select Sname,isnull(score,0)
from Student,SC,Course
where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# and Course.Cname='数据库'and score <60;
//学习体会:isnull(score,0)不知道是什么意思。
35、查询所有学生的选课情况;
SELECT SC.S#,SC.C#,Sname,Cname
FROM SC,Student,Course
where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# ;
//学习体会:这个太简单
36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数;
SELECT distinct student.S#,student.Sname,SC.C#,SC.score
FROM student,Sc
WHERE SC.score>=70 AND SC.S#=student.S#;
//学习体会:这个太简单
37、查询不及格的课程,并按课程号从大到小排列
select c# from sc where scor e <60 order by C# ;
//学习体会:这个太简单
38、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名;
select SC.S#,Student.Sname from SC,Student where SC.S#=Student.S# and Score>80 and C#='003';
//学习体会:这个太简单
39、求选了课程的学生人数
select count(*) from sc;
//学习体会:这个太简单
40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
select Student.Sname,score
from Student,SC,Course C,Teacher
where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' and SC.score=(select max(score)from SC where C#=C.C# );
//学习体会:这个太简单
41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数
select count(*) from sc group by C#;
//学习体会:这个太简单-----2009-09-08--21:45
42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩
select distinct A.S#,B.score from SC A ,SC B where A.Score=B.Score and A.C# <>B.C# ;
//学习体会:表名重用,值得学习,一般用于同一表中的比较
43、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
FROM SC t1
WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score
FROM SC
WHERE t1.C#= C#
ORDER BY score DESC
)
ORDER BY t1.C#;
//学习体会:也是同一表中的表的重用,同时注意TOP的用法,用于先排序后取前N位的情况。
44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过10人的课程才统计)。要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
select C# as 课程号,count(*) as 人数
from sc
group by C# having count(*)>10//补充一下
order by count(*) desc,c#
//学习体会:这个也就是分组后限定条件再排序。
45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select S#
from sc
group by s#
having count(*) > = 2
//学习体会:这个也就是分组后限定条件再排序。
46、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名
select C#,Cname
from Course
where C# in (select c# from sc group by c#)
//学习体会:in的用法。
47、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select Sname from Student where S# not in (select S# from Course,Teacher,SC where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and SC.C#=course.C# and Tname='叶平');
//学习体会:IN与条件组合的限定用法。
48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩
select S#,avg(isnull(score,0)) from SC where S# in (select S# from SC where score <60 group by S# having count(*)>2)group by S#;
//学习体会:限定条件要思路清楚。猜测(isnull(score,0))为如果成绩项为空的话取0。
49、检索“004”课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的同学学号
select S# from SC where C#='004'and score <60 order by score desc;
//学习体会:太简单。
50、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩
delete from Sc where S#='002'and C#='001';
//学习体会:太简单。感觉有点问题。
总结:中间有几点根本就看不懂,要认真学习基础的语法书。2009年9月8日晚22:31